Pharmacological properties of the drug Galavit
Pharmacodynamics . Galavit (5-amino-1,2,3,4 tetrahydrophthalazine-1, 4-dione sodium salt) has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Its main properties are due to its ability to influence the functional and metabolic activity of macrophages. In inflammatory processes, the drug reversibly inhibits for 6–8 hours the excessive synthesis of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, reactive oxygen species by hyperactive macrophages, which determine the degree of activity of inflammatory reactions, their cyclicity, as well as the severity of intoxication. Normalization of the functional state of macrophages leads to a decrease in autoaggression and restoration of T-lymphocyte function. At the same time, the drug stimulates the microbicidal system of neutrophil granulocytes, accelerates phagocytosis and increases the body's nonspecific resistance to infectious diseases. The main pharmacological effects of the drug last for 72 hours. Pharmacokinetics . Galavit is excreted from the body primarily by the kidneys. After intramuscular injection, the half-life is 15–30 minutes; after rectal use, it is 60–70 minutes.
Detailed description of the study
In the modern world, more and more patients with chronic infectious diseases are registered every day. For treatment, drugs have been developed that affect not only the pathogen itself (virus, bacteria, fungi), but also the human body to activate the immune system, such drugs include immunomodulators.
Immunomodulators are substances that can increase the activity of the immune system to fight pathogenic organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi). These drugs are prescribed to correct the functioning of the immune system in complex treatment. Galavit is a synthetic drug that belongs to the immunomodulators and also has an anti-inflammatory effect, the active ingredient of which is aminophthalhydrazite. The mechanism of action of this drug is due to its ability to interact with blood cells (phagocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, natural killer cells) to combat pathogenic organisms. Side effects when taking it are rare. This drug is used in children over 12 years of age and adults in the form of tablets or suppositories (suppositories). It is used in complex therapy of many diseases and conditions, including:
- acute respiratory infections;
- diseases of the ENT organs (tonsillitis, otitis media, etc.);
- inflammation of the mouth and gums;
- diseases caused by the herpes virus;
- infectious and non-infectious diseases of the genitourinary system and pelvic organs
- pathology of the gastrointestinal tract;
- asthenia, increased fatigue
- postoperative complications and their prevention.
Galavit indirectly affects the stimulation of interferons (alpha and gamma), promoting the activation of the human immune system. Interferons are a family of protein molecules that belong to cytokines; they actively participate in the immune system to fight pathogenic microorganisms. They regulate intercellular interactions, cell growth and reproduction, and participate in the coordination of innate and acquired immunity.
There are several types of interferons:
- Interferon alpha - produced by leukocytes, participates in the fight against pathogenic microorganisms.
- Interferon beta - produced in fibroblasts, its function is similar to interferon alpha.
- Interferon gamma is synthesized by immune blood cells: T-lymphocytes and so-called killer T-cells. Its function is to have an immunomodulatory and antitumor effect on the cells of the body.
In order to understand how effective treatment with Galavit will be in a patient, especially if the drug is prescribed for a long time, it is necessary to assess sensitivity to it, that is, the body’s ability to produce interferons in response to taking the drug.
The more interferons released, the stronger the immune system's response to this drug and the more effective the treatment.
Indications for use of the drug Galavit
Prescribed to adults as an immunomodulator as part of complex therapy:
- for acute and chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, accompanied by intoxication and/or diarrhea (acute intestinal infections, gastric and duodenal ulcers, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, liver damage of various etiologies, including viral hepatitis B and C, gastroenteritis);
- for acute infectious diseases (intestinal infections, purulent meningitis);
- bronchitis, pneumonia, septic conditions, post-traumatic osteomyelitis, erysipelas;
- for diseases of the genitourinary tract (genital herpes, cytomegalovirus infection, chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, uterine fibroids, benign prostatic hyperplasia);
- for purulent-septic processes in the pre- and postoperative period and for the prevention of infectious surgical complications;
- for chronic recurrent herpes infection;
- with chronic recurrent furunculosis;
- for chronic inflammatory diseases that develop against the background of secondary immunodeficiency;
- for immunocorrection and immunological rehabilitation for oncological diseases, such as stage III disseminated breast cancer, stage III lung cancer (as part of complex chemotherapy and radiation therapy).
References
- Sologub T.V., Osinovets O.Yu. Use of the immunomodulatory drug Galavit in the complex therapy of influenza // Clinician. 2012. No. 2.
- Ermishina V.I., Kazeko N.I., Oskolkov S.A. Results of using the immunomodulatory drug “Galavit” for complicated chronic pyelonephritis and urolithiasis // Tyumen Medical Journal. 2015. No. 3.
- Silin DS, Lyubomska OV, Ershov FI, Frolov VM, Kutsyna GA. Synthetic and natural immunomodulators acting as interferon inducers. Curr Pharm Des. 2009;15(11):1238-47. doi: 10.2174/138161209787846847. PMID: 19355963.
- da Silva EG, Gionfriddo JR, Hudachek SF, Gustafson DL, Olea-Popelka FJ, Scofield VL, Powell CC, Hill AE. Evaluation of the ocular penetration of topical alpha-luminol (Galavit®/GVT®). Vet Ophthalmol. 2011 May;14(3):180-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2010.00862.x. PMID: 21521442.
Use of the drug Galavit
Galavit for injection Injected intramuscularly. Before use, the drug is diluted in 2 ml of water for injection or 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The dose and duration of use of the drug depend on the nature and severity of the disease. For acute intestinal infections (salmonellosis, dysentery, food poisoning) and other diseases accompanied by diarrhea , the initial dose for adults is 200 mg. Then the drug is administered in a dose of 100 mg 2-3 times a day until the symptoms of intoxication disappear. In the acute period of the disease, as a rule, 2-3 injections are sufficient. For infectious diseases of various etiologies ( including septic conditions, hepatitis, meningitis), the initial dose for adults is 200 mg. Then they switch to administering the drug at a dose of 100 mg 2–3 times a day until the symptoms of intoxication and inflammation disappear, then it is possible to continue the course of therapy at a dose of 100 mg once every 2–3 days. The duration of the course depends on the patient’s condition and can be up to 25 injections. For diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (stomach and duodenal ulcers, nonspecific ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease ) and genitourinary system, the initial dose for adults in the acute period is 200 mg once a day for 1–2 days, then switch to administering the drug at 100 mg 1 once every 2–3 days. The course of treatment is 15–25 injections, depending on the course of the disease. For uterine fibroids, 100 mg/day is prescribed daily for 5 days, then 5 injections of 100 mg every other day, then 100 mg once every 2–3 days. The course of treatment is 15–20 injections. For benign prostatic hyperplasia in adults, 100 mg/day is prescribed daily for 5 days, then 100 mg once every 2–3 days. For purulent-septic processes in the pre- and postoperative period, as well as for the prevention of postoperative infectious complications in adults, 100 mg of the drug is prescribed before or after surgery once a day for 5 days, then 5 injections of 100 mg every other day, subsequently - 100 mg every 72 hours; course of treatment - 15 injections. For chronic recurrent furunculosis in adults, 100 mg of the drug is prescribed daily for 5 days, then 15 injections of 100 mg every other day. The course of treatment is 20 injections. For chronic recurrent herpes infection (as part of complex therapy), 100 mg/day every other day (15–20 injections) or 100 mg/day daily for 10 days is prescribed, then 100 mg every other day (15 injections). The course of treatment is 20 injections. For chronic inflammatory diseases that have developed against the background of an immunodeficiency state, adults are prescribed 100 mg once every 3 days or 100 mg daily for 5 days, then once every 2-3 days. The course of treatment is 20 injections. For immunocorrection for cancer: stage III breast cancer, stage III lung cancer (in combination with chemotherapy and radiation therapy) for adults, the initial dose is 100 mg once a day for 5 days, then 100 mg every 72 hours. The course of treatment is 20–30 injections. Galavit rectal suppositories Suppositories are freed from the contour cell packaging and inserted into the rectum. It is recommended to have a bowel movement before doing this. The dose and duration of use of the drug depends on the severity and duration of the disease. For infectious diseases of various etiologies (including septic conditions, hepatitis B and C, meningitis), the initial dose for adults is 0.2 g. Then they switch to administering the drug 0.1 g 2-3 times a day until the symptoms of intoxication and inflammation are eliminated, then it is possible to continue the course of therapy with the drug at a dose of 0.1 g once every 2–3 days. The duration of the course depends on the patient's condition (up to 25 suppositories per course). For diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastric and duodenal ulcers, nonspecific ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease) and genitourinary system, the initial dose for adults in the acute period is 0.2 g 1 time per day for 1–2 days, then switch to administering the drug at 0 .1 g 1 time every 2–3 days. The course of treatment is 15–25 suppositories, depending on the patient’s condition. For uterine fibroids , 0.1 g/day is prescribed daily for 5 days, then 0.1 g once every 2–3 days. The course of treatment is 15–20 suppositories. For benign prostatic hyperplasia, the drug is prescribed daily at 0.1 g/day for 5 days, then 0.1 g once every 2–3 days. For purulent-septic processes in the pre- and postoperative period, as well as for the prevention of postoperative infectious complications in adults, 0.1 g of the drug is prescribed before or after surgery 1 time per day for 5 days, then 0.1 g every other day (5 suppositories), subsequently - 0.1 g every 72 hours; course of treatment - 15 suppositories. For chronic recurrent furunculosis, adults are prescribed 0.1 g once a day daily in the first 5 days, then 0.1 g every other day. The course of treatment is up to 20 suppositories. For chronic recurrent herpes infection: adults in the first 10 days - 0.1 g once a day, then 0.1 g every other day. The course of treatment is up to 25 suppositories. For chronic inflammatory diseases that have developed against the background of an immunodeficiency state, adults are prescribed 0.1 g once every 3 days or 0.1 g daily for 5 days, then once every 2-3 days. The course of treatment is 20 suppositories. For immunocorrection for cancer: stage III breast cancer, stage III lung cancer (in combination with chemotherapy and radiation therapy) for adults, the initial dose is 0.1 g every other day (5 suppositories), then 0.1 g at intervals 72 hours. Course of treatment: 20–30 suppositories.
What else is prescribed with this study?
Immune status (screening) (Phagocytic activity of leukocytes, cellular immunity, total immunoglobulin IgE, immunoglobulins IgA, IgM, IgG)
27.960. Ven. blood 3 days
7,640 ₽ Add to cart
Immune status expanded
17.61. Ven. blood 14 days
22 310 ₽ Add to cart
Cellular immunity (T-lymphocytes, T-helpers, T-cytotoxic cells, Immunoregulatory index, B-lymphocytes, NK-T cells, NK cells, Leukocyte formula)
17.50. Ven. blood 3 days
5 200 ₽ Add to cart
