Cystenal is a medicine made from natural raw materials. The medication has an antispasmodic, diuretic, and pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. The medicine promotes the passage of stones (during the course of urolithiasis) through the urinary tract, removing them from the human body.
The drug is intended to eliminate urological problems; thanks to its natural composition, it is widely used. Do not think that the medication is harmless; exceeding the dosage or taking it incorrectly can lead to side effects. A preliminary consultation with a doctor and careful study of the instructions before starting therapy will help you avoid an unpleasant situation.
Cystenal
This drug belongs to antispasmodic drugs and has a diuretic and anti-inflammatory effect, due to which it is prescribed primarily for the treatment of urinary inflammation and urolithiasis.
Compound
The composition of the drug is represented by such substances as:
- Madder rhizome;
- Ethanol;
- Magnesium salicylate;
- Essential oils – eucalyptus, anise, phenicyl;
- Castor, olive oil.
Release form
Cystenal is produced in liquid, drop form in 10 ml bottles. The average price of the drug reaches about 210-260 rubles.
Composition of the medicine
The active ingredients of the drug help to effectively suppress the clinical signs of cystitis, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis and other pathologies of the excretory organs.
The composition of the product includes medicinal herbs in their usual form and processed under steam. The whole plant or its various parts are used - stems, flowers, roots, leaves, flowers and seeds. Due to its unique natural basis, Cyston belongs to the group of herbal medicines.
The general list of herbs included in the tablets is as follows:
- Basil is fragrant.
- Shy mimosa.
- Povonia.
- Such a tree.
- Fava beans.
- Horsetail.
- Rough straw flower.
- Filmy stuff.
- Heartleaf madder.
- Stem bicarp.
- Saxifraga reed.
- Prifloral onosma.
Excipients of the natural medicine are: mumiyo, lime silicate, magnesium stearate, cellulose, aerosil and crospovidone.
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
The active substances of this drug help relax the smooth muscles of the walls of the ureters, which facilitates the passage of stones through them. Systematic use leads to the destruction of stones.
After administration, salicylates are quickly and completely absorbed from the intestines. The maximum concentration is recorded one to two hours after administration. The half-life is two to three hours when using low doses and up to twenty hours when using high doses. Metabolized in liver cells. It is excreted in the urine in the form of salicylic acid and a number of metabolites.
How to take Cyston correctly
The herbal medicine must be taken after meals with at least 100 ml of water. It is recommended not to chew the tablet, but to swallow it. For convenience, it can be crushed into 2-4 parts and taken one after the other.
Throughout the course of therapy, you need to drink 2.5 liters of liquid, excluding main dishes. These are tea, fruit drinks, compotes, pure water and juices.
Since the product is natural, pharmacological activity appears slowly, approximately 2 weeks from the start of therapy. And after completing the treatment course, the effect of the tablets lasts up to a month.
Operating principle
Active natural components lead to relaxation of the smooth muscle tissue of the ureteral walls, which greatly simplifies the passage of stones along them. With the systematic use of Cystenal, the effect of destroying stones is achieved. When taking drops, salicylates are rapidly absorbed into the intestinal tissues. Within a couple of hours after administration, the maximum concentration of the active components of the drug in the body is observed. Metabolism occurs in the liver tissues.
This is a combined medicine of plant origin, quite common in urology for the treatment of patients with urolithiasis, as well as for the prevention of such a disease. Cystenal has a diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory effect. Taking the drug helps to loosen stones, which contain calcium components and magnesium phosphates.
Cystenal for cystitis
Cystenal is one of the drugs intended for the treatment of chronic cystitis. If attacks of acute cystitis are repeated quite often, the medicine can play the role of preventing a chronic disease.
By relaxing soft muscles and relieving inflammation, the drug reduces pain during treatment. If the disease is infectious, the diuretic effect of the drug is useful.
The course and dosage regimen for the treatment of cystitis are standard. If you suspect cystitis, you should not take the drug on your own: uncontrolled use of the drugs makes further treatment difficult.
Side effects
The drug rarely causes adverse reactions after use, which are mainly represented by nausea, vomiting, intestinal dysfunction or heartburn.
When treating cystitis, it is best to use complex drugs, which reduces the negative impact on the kidneys and liver. The effectiveness of the use of drops is due to their composition and impact directly on the cause of the underlying disease. By correctly combining combination drugs, you can reduce the number of medications used and speed up the recovery of the urinary system.
Their use is also good because they are able to break down small stones formed during a long-term stagnation process. They also serve as a preventive measure by preventing calcification.
Urolesan
Urolesan can be used in complex therapy of pathologies of the urinary and biliary tract. This is a safe medicine that is approved for children and pregnant women.
Features of Urolesan for the treatment of cystitis:
- have diuretic, choleretic, antispasmodic, antibacterial, antioxidant effects;
- activate and improve blood circulation in organs subject to spasms;
- normalize muscle tone of the urinary canals.
These are not all the positive aspects of the medicinal drug. The medicine begins to act very quickly, almost instantly stopping attacks of renal colic.
Different components in the composition affect the composition and pH of urine, can change its structure and make it more acidic. The therapeutic effect begins within half an hour after application. The maximum concentration of the active substance is achieved after 2 hours. Excreted through the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys. Urolesan contains plant extracts, essential oils of mint, fir, and orange.
They should be taken before meals, 8-10 drops up to 3 times. You can drop the medicine onto sugar or a piece of bread. The maximum duration of therapy is 5 days. It is important to remember that sugar drops should not be taken by diabetics.
Canephron
Well-known drops for cystitis Canephron contain yarrow herb, lovage root, and rosemary leaves. This is a complex action medicine that gives a diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antispasmodic effect.
You can take sugar drops to soften the bitter taste. The product must be washed down with plenty of liquid. The duration of the course varies from 2 to 4 weeks.
The product helps reduce inflammation and relieve spasms. Completing the full course reduces pain and normalizes diuresis.
The medicine for inflammatory bladder disease contains active substances that have an antibacterial effect. These are essential oils and phenolcarboxylic acids. Plant components affect the tubular and glomerular systems, which reduces the excretion of protein in the urine.
Cystenal
Drops for internal use Cystenal are drugs with an antispasmodic effect that prevents the formation of stones in the bladder. They contain mirena tincture root, essential oils, ethanol, and magnesium salicylate.
Anti-cystitis drops on sugar also have a diuretic and anti-inflammatory effect. They are taken 5 drops half an hour before meals, a maximum of 3 times. In case of increased stomach acidity, they are taken with meals, in case of decreased acidity, they are taken together with medications containing hydrochloric acid. The maximum duration of treatment is 4 weeks.
The use of the medicine may result in some adverse reactions:
- dyspepsia – nausea, heartburn, vomiting;
- abdominal pain;
- intestinal disorders.
Uronephron
Herbal drops Uronefron have simultaneously antispasmodic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and diuretic effects. They include goldenrod herb, parsley root, horsetail, fenugreek seeds, and birch leaves.
The use of drops for cystitis on sugar is possible from 15 years of age. You need to take them 20-30 drops up to 4 times a day. The average duration of therapy is no more than 4 weeks. Drops can be diluted in water or taken with sugar. Children may be prescribed Uronefron syrup.
During the period of use there is a risk of an allergic reaction. It could be a rash or itchy skin. Nausea and loss of taste may also occur. In case of overdose, side effects intensify.
They are contraindicated for pregnant women and children. During lactation, you need to stop breastfeeding for the period of treatment.
This medicine can be used to treat and prevent diseases of the urinary system. Considering that it is made on a natural basis, the risk of side effects is minimal. However, before using it, you must consult a doctor.
Trinephron-Health
Trinephron drops change the acidity of urine, increasing the secretion of uric acid salts. The medicine has an antibacterial, diuretic and vasodilating effect. It prevents bacterial cystitis and the appearance of stones. Rosmarinic acid in the composition leads to neutralization of inflammatory mediators.
The product contains lovage roots, rosemary, centaury herb and other plant components. Ethanol acts as an excipient.
This combination drug has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, reduces the risk of stone formation and growth. Drops prevent the activity of pathogenic microorganisms due to the accumulation of antibacterial components in the urine.
The combined remedy is prescribed for acute and chronic diseases of the urinary system. It is as safe as possible, therefore, on the recommendation of a doctor, it can be prescribed to women during pregnancy.
A single dosage for adult patients is 50 drops up to 4 times a day. Children may be prescribed half the dose.
In rare cases, there is a risk of side effects such as:
- allergy;
- redness and itching of the skin;
- nausea with vomiting;
- bowel disorders, diarrhea syndrome.
In case of adverse reactions or overdose, you should stop using the herbal drops and consult a doctor. This is necessary to change treatment or adjust the individual dose.
This remedy can be prescribed from one year of age. Contraindications will be intolerance to the main components in the composition, lactose. It is not recommended to use herbal-based products for peptic ulcers (during an exacerbation). They are not used as a diuretic for kidney failure and swelling.
Herbal medicine for cystitis can be combined with other drugs; no side effects have been observed in the interaction. During storage, sediment may appear in the bottle, but this does not affect the quality of the product.
Gentos
Another good cure for cystitis is Gentos herbal drops. This is a homeopathic remedy that contains Canadian aspen, potassium iodide, saw palmetto, iron picrate, and spotted hemlock. The auxiliary component is ethyl alcohol.
Drops can be purchased in bottles of 20 and 50 ml. It is recommended to drink them for the treatment and prevention of inflammatory diseases of the urinary system.
The combined drug provides antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects. Gentos, during the entire course of treatment, improves blood circulation in the organs of the genitourinary system. In addition, the product enhances the cavernous effect, which helps men with erectile dysfunction.
Indications for taking drops are pathologies of the bladder and urinary tract - chronic and acute inflammation, as well as exacerbation of cystitis. The medicine relieves severe symptoms of the disease and eliminates the underlying cause.
The drug is contraindicated during pregnancy, with hypersensitivity to the components in the composition and under the age of 12 years. If treatment is necessary during lactation, the woman needs to stop breastfeeding for a while.
For chronic diseases, the drug is prescribed 10 drops up to 3 times. Treatment of acute cystitis requires taking 10 drops 3 times for 12 weeks. In case of acute urinary dysfunction, you should take the medicine three times, 10 drops each, for 14 days.
Adverse reactions in the form of increased salivation are very rare. If unwanted symptoms appear, you should stop treatment and consult your doctor.
During storage, the drops may sediment and become slightly cloudy, which is normal. Weakening the taste and smell of the product also does not affect its therapeutic effect.
Taking the drug Cystenal can cause the following side effects: nausea, heartburn, vomiting. In addition, during therapy with this drug, inflammatory diseases in the gastrointestinal tract and gastric ulcers may worsen.
pharmachologic effect
The drug has a complex effect, has anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antimicrobial and diuretic effects.
As a result of taking Cyston, there is an improvement in urination, pain, cutting, burning sensation is relieved and stones are eliminated.
Thanks to its antimicrobial properties, pathogenic flora is destroyed, which acts as a cause of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract.
Instructions for use
The medicine is taken exclusively orally. To do this, you need to drop 3-4 drops of the drug into water or onto a sugar cube and then eat it. It is recommended to take it a quarter of an hour to half an hour before meals three times a day. The duration of such therapy is about 4 weeks, and the doctor’s dosage must be strictly observed.
If the patient is bothered by attacks of renal colic, then the drug is taken once in a dosage of 10-20 drops. The drug should be taken in such doses after meals to avoid negative effects on the stomach. If such attacks occur frequently, then take the drug three times a day, 10 drops each.
How to take Cyston for cystitis
As a result of the use of Cyston against the background of inflammatory lesions of the bladder, therapeutic properties are noted:
- Reduced pain, burning and stinging.
- Reducing spasms.
- Increasing the pharmacological activity of antibacterial, antimicrobial and antiseptic agents.
- Increased urination.
As a rule, the medicine is not intended for monotherapy. It is used in combination with other drugs.
The dose and duration of the course are determined by the patient’s age and well-being. Children 6-11 years old are prescribed 1 tablet 3 times a day. Patients 12-15 years old: 2 tablets 2-3 times a day. Starting from 15 years of age, 2 tablets are recommended three times a day. Duration of treatment is at least a week to 3 months.
Medication "Cistenal": consumer reviews
Judging by the numerous reviews of people who have tried this remedy on themselves, we can confidently say that this is an excellent medicine in the fight against urolithiasis. Almost 90% of patients report significant improvements after taking it. For many, pain decreased and overall health improved. No one mentioned side effects. I was also pleased with the cost of the drug - within 120 rubles.
Information about the drug is presented for informational purposes and is not an annotation for treatment. The dosage and treatment regimen are prescribed only by the doctor after a complete diagnosis. Monitor your health closely and seek medical help promptly.
How to take Cyston for children
The duration of Cyston use and dosage directly depend on the diagnosis and age of the patient.
For the treatment of infectious diseases of the kidneys and urinary ducts, a traditional therapy regimen is prescribed:
- Children 6-11 years old - 1 tablet three times a day.
- Adolescents 12-15 years old - 2 tablets no more than 3 times a day.
The duration of the course is at least a week until the pathology and clinical picture are completely relieved.
When stones form, children are shown a similar treatment regimen. However, the duration of use of the medicine is 4-6 months.
Contraindications
Cystenal is a low-toxic drug, however, there are a number of contraindications for it:
- Pyelonephritis;
- Ulcerative processes in the stomach and intestinal tract;
- Glomerulonephritis of various forms;
- Other renal pathologies associated with disorders of the organ;
- Individual sensitivity or intolerance to the drug as a whole or its components.
Some doctors argue that it is dangerous to use Cystenal while breastfeeding or during pregnancy, while others tend to believe the opposite, so pregnant women are prescribed the drug after a thorough examination and on a strictly individual basis if absolutely necessary. Simply, magnesium salicylate can cross the placenta and into breast milk. Since the composition also contains ethyl alcohol, the product is not used in pediatrics.
Indications and contraindications for Cystenal
Indications for the use of cystenal include diseases:
- Smooth muscle spasm
- Formation of small stones in organs
- Urolithiasis disease
- Spasm of the urinary systems and tracts
- Inflammatory processes of the genitourinary system
Contraindications to the use of Cystenal:
- Glomerulonephritis, chronic or acute
- Stones in the kidneys
- Renal dysfunction
- Pyelonephritis
Use is prohibited in case of individual intolerance to the drug. Heartburn, nausea, vomiting, and intestinal dysfunction are acceptable. These side effects are not a reason to interrupt the course of treatment. It is not recommended for use by pregnant women, as well as women who are breastfeeding.
special instructions
If the patient has increased stomach acidity, the dose is prescribed before or after meals. For low acidity, Cystenal is combined with pepsin and hydrochloric acid preparations.
A prerequisite for treatment is drinking water in an amount of at least 1.5-2 liters. No cases of overdose have been described, but there is no need to use it before driving, because it contains ethyl alcohol. For similar reasons, you should not take drops when working with machinery, as well as activities that require concentration.
Release form, composition and healing properties
The drug “Cystenal” is produced in small dropper bottles (10 ml each). The instructions for use, which are in the package, indicate that the drops are excellent in helping to relieve the patient of urolithiasis. In appearance it is a clear red liquid with a pleasant odor. During long-term storage, a small sediment may form at the bottom of the drug, which indicates the herbal origin of the drug and does not in any way affect its medicinal properties.
The Cystenal solution contains unique healing components. The instructions recommend taking drops to patients with high acidity of gastric juice. The composition contains a medicinal tincture of madder root, which has been known since ancient times for its diaphoretic, antispasmodic, diuretic and astringent properties. Doctors recommend using it for people with constipation, gastrointestinal diseases, polyarthritis, urinary incontinence (enuresis), gout and even jaundice.
It is impossible not to note the miraculous properties of magnesium salicylate. This vital element for humans eliminates spasms, prevents attacks of hyperactivity of muscle tissue, has a beneficial effect on bone tissue and improves metabolic reactions in the body.
Reviews
Doctors consider Cystenal to be a fairly effective drug, but the problem is that it is no longer produced today, so it has disappeared from pharmacies, although it can be found in some online pharmacies, but it is difficult. But more expensive analogues have appeared on sale, which, according to patients and their doctors, are noticeably less effective than Cystenal. Many patients claim that with the help of Cystenal they successfully got rid of cystitis and sand in the kidneys and calmed colic.
There are practically no reviews regarding adverse reactions of Cystenal drops. More than 90% of patients have a clear effect from the use of the drug in the treatment of cystitis and urolithiasis, since its use successfully eliminated pain.
Therefore, it can be argued that the medication is quite effective in the treatment of urolithiasis. But you cannot prescribe the drug yourself, since inappropriate use can lead to an exacerbation of the pathology. The dosage and duration of the course should be determined exclusively by the treating urologist. The patient just needs to seek help in time.
Terpenes and their use in clinical practice
V.A. Shaderkina1, I.A. Shaderkin2
1Urological information portal Uroweb.ru 2Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF TERPENS
Terpenes are a subclass of unsaturated hydrocarbons with the general formula (C5H8)n, where n>2. The hydrocarbon with the empirical formula C5H8, bearing the official “structural” name 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene, is known as isoprene. Essentially, terpenes are polymers of isoprene with a low degree of polymerization. With an increase in the number of isoprene residues in the molecule (degree of polymerization), the properties of the compound change radically.
However, in living nature, it is not isoprene polymers that are most often found, but their oxygen-substituted derivatives, which are currently called “terpenoids”.
The concept of “oxygen-substituted derivative” from the point of view of organic chemistry is extremely vague. Such a derivative can be an alcohol, both simple and polyhydric, a ketone, an aldehyde, an ether, and an ester. This results in a huge (more than 10,000 known representatives) group of chemical compounds, extremely diverse in their physical, chemical, and pharmacological properties, which are united by two characteristics:
- composition exclusively of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms;
- the presence in the structure of isoprene fragments connected to each other according to the “head to tail” type.
The number of these isoprene fragments largely determines the properties of the molecule.
Two molecules of isoprene make up monoterpenes (monoterpenoids). They are widely distributed in the plant world as a component of essential oils. It is monoterpenes and esters that determine the smell of plants. Classic representatives of monoterpenes are cineole, the main component of eucalyptus oil, and menthol, the main component of peppermint oil. Also classified as monoterpenes is camphor (camphene), a bicyclic ketone containing two isoprene monomers. Monoterpene hydrocarbons (α-pinene, β-pinene, terpinolene, β-terpinene) are very characteristic of phylogenetically more ancient coniferous plants, while oxygen-containing monoterpene aldehydes, ketones and alcohols (citral, linalool, terpineol) are more characteristic of flowering plants , geraniol). The specific smell of coniferous forests is associated with the formation and evaporation of monoterpene hydrocarbons.
The combination of three isoprene molecules is called sesquiterpenes (sesquiterpenoids) - “one and a half” terpenes. They are also found in essential oils. However, the three-membered isomer has a heavier molecule, and, therefore, a priori, is less volatile and gives a less pronounced but more persistent odor. Sequiterpenes are farnesol, which is part of the essential oils of lily of the valley and linden, as well as farnesene isolated from pine resin.
Four-membered isoprene polymers (diterpenes, diperpenoids) are even less volatile; they are part of plant resins. In addition, the diterpene vitol is part of chlorophyll.
Six-membered isoprene polymers (triterpenes) contain 30 carbon atoms. Due to their almost complete lack of volatility, they are not found in essential oils. Triterpenoids are polycyclic acids or alcohols. However, the best known products are their glycosidation products, which already belong to the class of glycosides or saponins. Of the triterpene acids, the most common are ursolic, oleanolic, and crateic acids. Ursolic acid is found in relatively large quantities in the fruits and leaves of cranberries, sea buckthorn, lingonberries, and apple skins. Crateic acid has been identified in hawthorn fruits.
Eight-membered polymers (tetraterpenes, tetraterpenoids) include one single structural group - carotenoids. These are natural pigments of yellow, orange, red colors, synthesized by higher plants, which determines the appropriate coloring of their flowers and fruits.
Higher molecular weight isoprene compounds, called polyterpenes and polyterpenoids, are known as gutta-percha and natural rubber.
APPLICATION OF TERPENS IN MEDICINE
All monoterpenes, to one degree or another, have antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic effects. Some representatives may have a sedative, analeptic, expectorant, and diuretic effect. This leads to their use in clinical practice for a wide variety of indications.
Well-known and long-used preparations based on terpenes include: validol (active ingredient - menthol), camphor (active ingredient - camphene), turpentine (a mixture of terpene hydrocarbons in which α- and β-pinenes predominate).
In addition, terpenoids and their derivatives are: retinol (vitamin A), cholecalciferol and alfacalcidol (vitamin D and its active metabolites), tocopherol (vitamin E).
Due to the wide variety of pharmacological effects combined with low toxicity, the interest of researchers in terpenes and their derivatives continues to this day. Moreover, the most exotic areas of pharmacological application of these chemical compounds are sometimes considered. Let's look at the most interesting results of recent research.
There are publications on the potentiation of the antimicrobial effect when combined with antibacterial agents and terpene-based drugs. In particular, this effect is shown in relation to anti-tuberculosis therapy and the treatment of leishmaniasis [1,2].
Saito A. et al. in an experiment on mice showed the antimalarial activity of the sequiterpene nerolidol [3].
A. Kudryavtseva et al. note that a large number of terpenes and terpenoids “have potential geroprotective and anticancer properties.” The authors studied the properties of fir extract and identified these effects in vitro on normal and tumor cell lines [4]. The potential antitumor activity of terpenoids and flavonoids is also indicated in their review by JN Nwodo et al. [5].
The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of terpenes is widely used. In one of the early studies presented by Y. Han, terpenes isolated from ginkgobiloba, in an experiment on mice, were found to have anti-inflammatory activity comparable to indomethacin. Acute arthritis provoked by C. albicans antigens was chosen as a model [6].
Recently, most researchers have been inclined to use terpenes as an additional component of anti-inflammatory therapy, which makes it possible to reduce the dose of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and, therefore, increase the safety of therapy. The creation of transdermal systems based on terpenes and anti-inflammatory agents is considered promising.
In 2006, an original study was published on the resorptive effect of terpenes when applied topically [7]. In general, terpenes penetrate very poorly through intact skin, especially α-pinene. However, when exposed to a weak electric current, the situation changes. According to publications by B. Nokhodchi et al., C. Arunkumar et al. terpenes, in particular geraniol, menthol and thymol, can enhance iontophoresis of diclofenac sodium, which can be used in the practice of physiotherapy for inflammatory diseases of the musculoskeletal system [8,9].
USE OF TERPENS IN UROLOGICAL PRACTICE
A whole layer of research is devoted to the use of terpene-based drugs for the treatment of diseases of the genitourinary system.
In 2013, a meta-analysis was published demonstrating the striking lithokinetic effect of terpene-based drugs [10]. And it is this effect of terpenes that is considered the most popular in modern urology.
In domestic urological practice, until now, the only drug based on terpenes was known, for which two randomized placebo-controlled studies were conducted in 1992 and 2010. A high lithokinetic effect of this drug against ureteral stones was demonstrated - 78% and 67.9%, which significantly exceeds the probability of spontaneous passage of similar stones in the control groups - 52% and 50% in groups receiving placebo [11,12]. The above studies differed in that one of them administered terpenes to patients undergoing external shock wave lithotripsy for a kidney stone.
The likelihood of a stone passing on its own is inversely related to its size. According to the results of a prospective study conducted by G. Faragi et al., in the presence of a small stone (no more than 3.3 mm) in the lower third of the ureter, the effectiveness of lithokinetic therapy using terpene-based drugs reaches 96% [13].
According to the Research Institute of Urology, the probability of spontaneous passage of a ureteral stone, regardless of its location, while taking terpenes is 73%. When a calculus is localized in the lower third of the ureter, the probability of its spontaneous passage against the background of complex therapy, including terpene-based drugs, increases to 83%. With traditional therapy, including drotaverine and a non-narcotic analgesic, 32% of ureteral stones and 51% of stones when localized in the lower third pass away on their own. The use of terpene-based drugs is especially advisable after extracorporeal lithotripsy. When localized in the lower third of the ureter, against the background of complex therapy, 80% of the stone paths recede independently [14].
During the above study, against the background of a three-week course of lithokinetic therapy, diuresis increased significantly and, accordingly, the relative density of urine decreased (from 1015.9 ± 3.0 to 1012 ± 6.9), however, the urine reaction and renal excretion of salts did not undergo significant changes. changes [14]. This property is an important feature that distinguishes the diuretic effect of terpenes from other diuretics, both herbal and synthetic.
The ability to maintain low urine density for a long time without the risk of developing electrolyte disturbances and disorders of phosphorus-calcium metabolism allows us to consider terpene-based drugs as a means for metaphylaxis of all forms of nephrolithiasis.
The lithokinetic effect of terpenes is realized quite quickly. In 72.3% of patients who underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of a kidney stone, complete clearance of the urinary tract from fragments of destroyed stones occurred within the first 5 days of the postoperative period. And after 14 days of therapy, complete passage of stone fragments was observed in 84.6% of patients. In the control group, the process of spontaneous removal of fragments of destroyed stone turned out to be longer. During the first 5 days, only 40.8% of patients got rid of fragments of destroyed stone, and within 14 days - 51.0% of patients [15].
Along with the lithokinetic effect, terpene-based drugs demonstrated a nephroprotective effect in diabetic nephropathy [16], as well as a pronounced analgesic effect in pelvic pain syndrome, comparable to the average therapeutic dose of indomethacin [17].
RENOTINEX®: COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES
Currently, a new product based on terpenes has appeared on the domestic pharmacological market - Renotinex®,. The drug contains six types of terpenes: pinene, camphene, borneol, anethole, fenchone, cineole. All these active ingredients are in a strictly defined quantitative ratio, which is generally not typical for classical phytotherapeutic agents. The certainty and stability of the chemical composition makes it possible to combine the positive qualities inherent in synthetic drugs, in particular, the predictability and controllability of the effect, with the positive properties of herbal medicines, such as the versatility of the effect and a favorable safety profile. Renotinex® additionally contains alpha-tocopherol acetate (vitamin E).
The main mechanisms of action of vitamin E are cell membrane stabilization and antioxidant effects. These effects determine its nephroprotective effect in dysmetabolic nephropathies and urolithiasis. In addition, tocopherol showed a moderate but clinically significant hypocalcemic effect, which is required for calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate nephrolithiasis.
According to modern concepts, complex therapy for oxalate nephrolithiasis, along with surgical methods for removing or destroying stones, includes a hypooxalate diet, drinking plenty of fluids, sometimes in combination with herbal diuretics, as well as the use of membrane stabilizers and antioxidants.
CONCLUSIONS
Thus, the new domestic product Renotinex® can be recommended for ureteral stones of any location and any chemical composition, if their size allows hope for spontaneous passage, as well as after lithotripsy to facilitate the passage of fragments of destroyed stones. The metabolic effects of Renotinex® allow us to recommend it for long-term metaphylaxis of phosphate, urate and, especially, calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.
Key words: herbal remedies, terpenes, chemical structure, anti-inflammatory effect, antispasmodic effect, urolithiasis, Renotinex®.
LITERATURE
1. Sieniawska E, Swatko-Ossor M, Sawicki R, Skalicka-Wozniak K, Ginalska G. Natural Terpenes Influence the Activity of Antibiotics against Isolated Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Med Princ Pract 2017;26(2): 108-112. doi: 10.1159/000454680.
2. Camargos HS, Moreira RA, Mendanha SA, Fernandes KS, Dorta ML, Alonso A. Terpenes increase the lipid dynamics in the Leishmania plasma membrane at concentrations similar to their IC50 values. PLoS One 2014;9(8):e104429. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104429. eCollection 2014.
3. Saito AY, Marin Rodriguez AA, Menchaca Vega DS, Sussmann RA, Kimura EA, Katzin AM Antimalarial activity of the terpene nerolidol. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016;48(6):641-646. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.08.017.
4. Kudryavtseva A, Krasnov G, Lipatova A, Alekseev B, Maganova F, Shaposhnikov M, Fedorova M, et al. Effects of Abies sibirica
terpenes on cancer- and aging-associated pathways in human cells. Oncotarget 2017(50):83744-83754. doi: 10.18632/onco-target.13467.
5. Nwodo JN, Ibezim A, Simoben CV, Ntie-Kang F. Exploring Cancer Therapeutics with Natural Products from African Medicinal Plants, Part II: Alkaloids, Terpenoids and Flavonoids. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2016;16(1):108-27.
6. Han Y. Ginkgo terpene component has an anti-inflammatory effect on Candida albicans-caused arthritic inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol. 2005;5(6):1049-56.
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Topics and tags
Renotinex
Magazine
Journal "Experimental and Clinical Urology" Issue No. 1, 2019
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