Aquadetrim is a medication that is responsible for the normal metabolism of phosphorus and calcium.
- Pharmacology and pharmacodynamics
- Why do they drink Aquadetrim?
- How to take Aquadetrim drops correctly
- Contraindications and adverse reactions
- How to give Akvadetrim to a child
- How to give Akvadetrim to a baby correctly
- Can pregnant women take Aquadetrim?
- Where should Aquadetrim be stored?
- What is the best replacement for Aquadetrim?
- special instructions
- How much does Aquadetrim cost?
Contraindications
There are several contraindications to the use of pharmaceuticals:
- Kidney failure
- Hypercalcemia
- Hypervitaminosis D
- Sarcoidosis
- Urolithiasis disease
- Less than 1 month old
- Kidney diseases
- Urolithiasis disease
- Hypersensitivity to the constituent drugs
- Tuberculosis
The drug is prescribed with caution:
- Bedridden patients
- During pregnancy and breastfeeding
- If a person uses cardiac glycosides
- Children who were born with a small crown size
Side effects
With an excess of vitamin D, the following negative manifestations are observed:
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea
- Constipation
- Dry mouth
- Polyuria
- Sleep problems
- Weight loss
- Renal or vascular calcification
- Increase in body temperature
- Weakness
- Polyuria
- Mental disorders
If any of the signs of hypervitaminosis D appear, you should stop taking the medication. Try to reduce the intake of calcium in the body and start taking vitamins A, C, and B.
In some people, taking vitamin D3 leads to allergic reactions.
Pharmacology and pharmacodynamics
The medicine allows you to stabilize the metabolism of phosphorus and calcium in the body.
Vitamin D3 is known to everyone as an antirachitic element. It plays one of the main roles - it takes part in the metabolism of calcium and phosphates, which improves skeletal growth.
This vitamin is very important in the absorption of phosphates and calcium in the digestive system and the transport of salts.
If the child’s body receives an insufficient amount of the vitamin, its absorption will be impaired, and if the person is exposed to sunlight for a short time, this can lead to rickets in the child, and bone tissue can soften in an adult.
Instructions for use of Aquadetrim
The instructions indicate that the dosage for each must be selected individually, taking into account the person’s diet.
Before use, the product must be dissolved in 1 spoon of water.
For preventive purposes, doctors prescribe 1 or 2 drops of the drug per day to children over 1 month old. Premature babies in difficult living conditions are recommended to take 3 drops per day.
In summer, it is advisable to reduce the dosage to 1 drop.
When treating rickets, up to 10 drops of vitamin are prescribed per day, the duration of therapy is determined by the doctor. In this case, the doctor must monitor blood counts and the patient’s condition. Treatment of rickets begins with 4 drops for 5 days; if a person tolerates them well, the dosage is increased to 6 drops. 10 drops of the medication are prescribed for very noticeable changes in bone tissue.
For rickets-like pathologies, 40-60 drops of the drug can be prescribed daily.
Aquadetrim (Vitamin D3) bottle 10ml
Indications
Prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency. Prevention and treatment of rickets, rickets-like diseases, hypocalcemic tetany, osteomalacia and metabolic-based bone diseases (such as hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism). In the complex treatment of osteoporosis, including postmenopausal.
Directions for use and doses
Orally.
Dissolve Aquadetrim in 1 spoon of liquid. 1 drop contains about 500 IU of vitamin D3. Unless the doctor prescribes otherwise, the drug is used in the following dosages: Prophylactic doses:
- full-term newborns from 4 weeks of life, up to 2-3 years with proper care and sufficient exposure to fresh air: 500-1000 ME (1 drop) per day;
- premature babies, from 4 weeks of life, twins, infants in poor living conditions: 1000-1500 (2-3 drops) per day. In the summer, you can limit the dose to 500 IU (1 drop) per day.
- pregnant women: a daily dose of 500 IU of vitamin D3 for the entire period of pregnancy, or taking 1000 IU / day, starting from the 28th week of pregnancy.
- in the postmenopausal period 500-1000 IU (1-2 drops) per day.
Therapeutic doses:
- for rickets: daily 2000 - 5000 IU (4-10 drops), depending on the severity of rickets (I, II or III) and the course of the disease, for 4-6 weeks, under careful monitoring of the clinical condition and the study of biochemical parameters ( calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase) blood and urine. You should start with 2000 IU for 3-5 days. Then, if well tolerated, the dose is increased to an individual therapeutic dose (most often 3000 IU). A dose of 5000 IU is prescribed only for pronounced bone changes. If necessary, after a one-week break, you can repeat the course of treatment. Treatment is carried out until a clear therapeutic effect is obtained, followed by a transition to a prophylactic dose of 500 - 1500 IU/day.
- in the treatment of rickets-like diseases: 20,000-30,000 ME per day (40-60 drops), depending on age, body weight and severity of the disease, under the control of biochemical blood parameters and urine analysis. The course of treatment is 4-6 weeks. Treatment is carried out under the supervision of a doctor.
- for complex treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: 500-1000 ME (1-2 drops) per day.
The dosage is usually prescribed based on the amount of vitamin D obtained from food.
special instructions
Avoid overdose. Individual provision of a specific need must take into account all possible sources of this vitamin. Too high doses of Aquadetrim used over a long period of time or shock doses can cause chronic hypervitaminosis D3. The determination of a child’s daily need for vitamin D and the method of its use should be determined by a doctor individually and each time subject to correction during periodic examinations, especially in the first months of life. Do not use high doses of calcium simultaneously with Aquadetrim. During treatment, periodic monitoring of the concentration of calcium and phosphate in the blood and urine is necessary.
Compound
1 ml of solution (30 drops) contains Colecalciferol (Vitamin D3) - 15,000 IU excipients: macrogol glyceryl ricinoleate, sucrose, sodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, citric acid monohydrate, anise flavor (or anise essence), gasoline alcohol, purified water.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, especially to gasoline alcohol.
Hypervitaminosis D, increased concentration of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia), increased excretion of calcium in the urine (hypercalciuria), urolithiasis (formation of calcium oxalate stones), sarcoidosis, acute and chronic diseases of the liver and kidneys, renal failure, active form of pulmonary tuberculosis. Children up to 4 weeks of age. With caution: state of immobilization, when taking thiazides, cardiac glycosides (especially digitalis glycosides); during pregnancy and breastfeeding. In infants with a predisposition to early overgrowth of fontanelles (when the size of the anterior crown is small from birth).
Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding
During pregnancy, Aquadetrim should not be used in high doses due to the possibility of a teratogenic effect in case of overdose. Aquadetrim should be prescribed with caution to women who are breastfeeding - the drug taken in high doses by the mother can cause overdose symptoms in the child. During pregnancy and breastfeeding, the dose of vitamin D3 should not exceed 600 IU per day
Side effects
Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, hypervitaminosis D (symptoms of hypervitaminosis: loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting; headaches, muscle and joint pain; constipation; dry mouth; polyuria; weakness; mental disorders, including depression; weight loss; disorder sleep; increased temperature; protein, leukocytes, hyaline casts appear in the urine; increased calcium levels in the blood and its excretion in the urine; possible calcification of the kidneys, blood vessels, lungs). If signs of hypervitaminosis D appear, it is necessary to discontinue the drug, limit the intake of calcium, and prescribe vitamins A, C and B.
Overdose
Symptoms: loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, constipation, anxiety, thirst, polyurades, diarrhea, intestinal colic.
Frequent symptoms are headache, muscle and joint pain, mental disorders, including depression, stupor, ataxia and progressive weight loss. Renal dysfunction develops with albinuria, erythrocyturia and polyuria, increased potassium loss, hyposthenuria, nocturia and increased blood pressure. In severe cases, clouding of the cornea may occur, less commonly swelling of the optic nerve papilla, inflammation of the iris, and even the development of cataracts. Kidney stones may form and calcification of soft tissues, including blood vessels, heart, lungs and skin, occurs. Cholestatic jaundice rarely develops.
Treatment: Stop using Aquadetrim. Contact your doctor. Take plenty of fluids. If necessary, hospitalization may be required.
Storage conditions
Store at temperatures from 5 C to 25 C. Protect from light. Keep out of the reach of children.
Best before date
3 years.
pharmachologic effect
Aquadetrim - Vitamin D3 - regulator of calcium-phosphorus metabolism. It is an active antirachitic factor. The most important function of vitamin D3 is to regulate calcium and phosphate metabolism, which promotes proper mineralization and skeletal growth.
Vitamin D3 is a natural form of vitamin D that is formed in humans in the skin under the influence of sunlight. Compared to vitamin D2, it is characterized by 25% higher activity. Colecalciferol plays a significant role in the absorption of calcium and phosphates from the intestine, in the transport of mineral salts and in the process of calcification of kosgei, and also regulates the excretion of calcium and phosphates by the kidneys. The concentration of calcium ions in the blood determines the maintenance of muscle tone of skeletal muscles, myocardial function, promotes nervous stimulation, and regulates the process of blood clotting. Vitamin D is necessary for the normal function of the parathyroid glands and is also involved in the functioning of the immune system, influencing the production of lymphokines.
Lack of vitamin D in food, impaired absorption, calcium deficiency, as well as insufficient exposure to sunlight, during the period of intensive growth of the child, leads to rickets, and in adults to osteomalacia; Pregnant women may experience symptoms of tetany, disruption of the processes of bone tissue formation in newborns. An increased need for vitamin D occurs in women during menopause, as they often develop osteoporosis due to hormonal imbalances.
Drug interactions
Antiepileptic drugs, rifampicin, cholestyramine reduce the reabsorption of vitamin D3. Use simultaneously with thiazide diuretics increases the risk of hypercalcemia. Simultaneous use with cardiac glycosides may enhance their toxic effect (increases the risk of heart rhythm disturbances).
How to take Aquadetrim for adults
- Aquadetrim can be taken with or after meals.
- The dosage of the drug directly depends on what goal you are pursuing.
- To prevent vitamin D deficiency, adults only need to take 1 drop of the vitamin daily.
- If malabsorption syndrome occurs, you must take 6 to 10 drops.
- It is important to understand that both adults and children should take vitamin D for preventive purposes.
- During pregnancy, you can also take Aquadetrim; it is better to check the dosage with your doctor. But usually at the beginning of pregnancy they drink 1 drop of Aquadetrim, and starting from the 7th month, the dosage is increased to 2 drops.
An overdose will have a negative impact on the intrauterine fetus.
Pharmacological properties of the drug Aquadetrim vitamin D3
Pharmacodynamics. Cholecalciferol (INN - colecalciferolum - colecalciferol) is an active antirachitic factor. The most important function of vitamin D is to regulate the metabolism of calcium and phosphate, which promotes proper mineralization and skeletal growth. Vitamin D3 is a natural form of vitamin D that is produced in animals and humans. Compared to vitamin D2, its activity is 25% higher. Vitamin D is necessary for the functioning of the parathyroid glands, intestines, kidneys and skeletal system. Plays an important role in the absorption of calcium and phosphates in the intestines, the transport of mineral salts and the process of bone calcification, regulates the excretion of calcium and phosphates by the kidneys. The concentration of calcium ions is important for the normal course of a number of important biochemical processes; Calcium ions play an important role in maintaining the tone of skeletal muscles, participate in the conduction of nervous stimulation, and take part in the process of blood clotting. Vitamin D3 is necessary for the normal functioning of the immune system, affecting the production of lymphokines. A deficiency of vitamin D3 in food, a decrease in its absorption, calcium deficiency, as well as the lack of sufficient insolation during the period of rapid growth of a child lead to the development of rickets in young children and disruption of the formation of tooth enamel, in adults - to osteomalacia, during pregnancy and lactation - to the appearance of symptoms of tetany. Women during menopause with signs of osteoporosis due to hormonal imbalances should receive a sufficient dose of vitamin D3. Pharmacokinetics. An aqueous solution of vitamin D3 is better absorbed than an oil solution. In premature babies, there is insufficient formation and flow of bile into the intestines, which interferes with the absorption of vitamins in the form of oil solutions. After oral administration, cholecalciferol is absorbed in the small intestine. Penetrates the placental barrier and is excreted into breast milk. Metabolized in the liver and kidneys, turning into an active metabolite - calcitriol, which, combining with the carrier protein, is transported to target organs (intestines, bones, kidneys). T1/2 from blood plasma is up to several days and may be longer in case of impaired renal function. Excreted in urine and feces. 6 hours after taking the drug, Vitamin D3 already takes part in the regulation of phosphorus and calcium metabolism in the body. After taking vitamin D3, after 48 hours, a significant increase in the level of cholecalciferol in the blood plasma is noted.
Overdose
When consuming large doses of the vitamin, the following occurs:
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Polyuria
- Intestinal colic
- Constant desire to drink and constipation
- Vomit
- Depression
- Muscle and joint pain
- Increased potassium loss
- Increased pressure
In special situations, overdose leads to:
- Stone formation
- Visual impairment
- Papilledema
- Calcification of tissues and organs
In case of overdose:
- You should stop taking the drug immediately
- Drink plenty of fluids
- If necessary, do not refuse hospitalization
Aquadetrim drops for internal use 15000IU/ml fl 10ml
Compound
1 ml (30 drops)
Active substance: colecalciferol (vit. D3) 15,000 IU.
Excipients: macrogol glyceryl ricinoleate, sucrose, sodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, citric acid monohydrate, anise flavor, benzyl alcohol, purified water.
Pharmacokinetics
Suction
An aqueous solution of colecalciferol is absorbed better than an oil solution (this is important when used in premature infants, since in this category of patients there is insufficient production and flow of bile into the intestines, which impairs the absorption of vitamins in the form of oil solutions).
After oral administration, colecalciferol is absorbed from the small intestine.
Distribution and metabolism
Metabolized in the liver and kidneys.
Penetrates through the placental barrier. Excreted in breast milk. Colecalciferol accumulates in the body.
Removal
T1/2 of colecalciferol from the blood is several days. Excreted by the kidneys in small quantities, most of it is excreted in bile.
Pharmacokinetics in special clinical situations
In case of renal failure, an increase in T1/2 is possible.
Indications for use
Prevention and treatment:
- vitamin D deficiency;
- rickets and rickets-like diseases;
- hypocalcemic tetany;
- osteomalacia;
- metabolic-based bone diseases (such as hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism).
Treatment of osteoporosis, incl. postmenopausal (as part of complex therapy).
Contraindications
- Hypervitaminosis D;
- hypercalcemia;
- hypercalciuria;
- urolithiasis (formation of calcium oxalate stones in the kidneys);
- sarcoidosis;
- acute and chronic diseases of the liver and kidneys;
- renal failure;
- active form of pulmonary tuberculosis;
- hypersensitivity to the components of the drug (especially benzyl alcohol).
The drug should be used with caution in patients in a state of immobilization; when taking thiazides, cardiac glycosides (especially digitalis glycosides); during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding); in infants with a predisposition to early overgrowth of the fontanelles (when the small size of the anterior fontanel is established from birth).
Directions for use and doses
The drug is taken orally, in 1 spoon of liquid (1 drop contains 500 IU of colecalciferol). Unless otherwise prescribed by the doctor, the drug is used in the following dosages:
For the purpose of prevention for full-term newborns from 4 weeks of life to 2-3 years, with proper care and sufficient exposure to fresh air, the drug is prescribed at a dose of 500 IU (1 drop)/day.
Premature babies from 4 weeks of life, twins and children living in unfavorable conditions are prescribed 1000-1500 IU (2-3 drops)/day.
In the summer, the dose can be reduced to 500 IU (1 drop)/day.
For healthy adults without malabsorption - 500 IU (1 drop)/day; adult patients with malabsorption syndrome - 3000-5000 IU (6-10 drops)/day.
Pregnant women are prescribed 500 IU (1 drop)/day daily throughout pregnancy, or 1000 IU (2 drops)/day, starting from the 28th week of pregnancy.
In the postmenopausal period, 500-1000 IU (1-2 drops)/day are prescribed.
For the treatment of rickets, the drug is prescribed daily at a dose of 1000-5000 IU (2-10 drops)/day for 4-6 weeks, depending on the severity of rickets (I, II or III) and the course of the disease. In this case, the patient’s clinical condition and biochemical parameters (calcium, phosphorus levels, alkaline phosphatase activity in the blood and urine) should be monitored. The initial dose is 1000 IU/day for 3-5 days, then, if well tolerated, the dose is increased to an individual therapeutic dose (usually up to 3000 IU/day). A dose of 5000 IU/day is prescribed only for pronounced bone changes.
If necessary, after a 1 week break, the course of treatment can be repeated.
Treatment should be continued until a clear therapeutic effect is obtained, followed by a transition to a prophylactic dose of 500-1500 IU/day.
When treating rickets-like diseases, 20,000-30,000 IU (40-60 drops)/day is prescribed, depending on age, body weight and severity of the disease, under the control of biochemical blood parameters and urine analysis. The course of treatment is 4-6 weeks. Treatment is carried out under the supervision of a doctor.
When treating postmenopausal osteoporosis (as part of complex therapy), 500-1000 IU (1-2 drops)/day is prescribed.
The dose is set individually, taking into account the amount of vitamin D supplied with food.
Storage conditions
In a place protected from light at a temperature not exceeding 25 ° C. Keep out of the reach of children.
Best before date
3 years. Do not use after expiration date.
special instructions
Overdose should be avoided.
Individual provision of a specific need must take into account all possible sources of this vitamin.
Too high doses of vitamin D3, used over a long period of time, or shock doses can cause chronic hypervitaminosis D3.
The determination of a child’s daily need for vitamin D and the method of its use should be determined by a doctor individually and each time subject to correction during periodic examinations, especially in the first months of life.
When an adequate level of vitamin D concentration in the blood is achieved (>30 ng/ml 25(OH)D) in adults, maintenance therapy with Aquadetrim® can be continued at a dose of 1500–2000 IU (3-4 drops)/day.
Do not use high doses of calcium at the same time as vitamin D3.
During treatment, periodic monitoring of phosphate concentrations in the blood and urine is necessary.
With long-term use of colecalciferol, it is necessary to regularly determine the level of calcium in the blood serum and urine, and also evaluate renal function by measuring serum creatinine levels. If necessary, the dose of colecalciferol should be adjusted depending on the level of calcium in the blood serum.
Description
Calcium-phosphorus metabolism regulator.
Use in children
With caution: in infants with a predisposition to early overgrowth of the fontanelles (when the small size of the anterior fontanel is established from birth).
Pharmacodynamics
Vitamin D3 is an active antirachitic factor. The most important function of vitamin D3 is to regulate calcium and phosphate metabolism, which promotes proper mineralization and skeletal growth.
Vitamin D3 is a natural form of vitamin D that is formed in humans in the skin under the influence of sunlight. Compared to vitamin D2, it is characterized by 25% higher activity.
Vitamin D binds to the specific vitamin D receptor (VDR), which regulates the expression of many genes, including the ion channel genes TRPV6 (ensures the absorption of calcium in the intestine), CALB1 (calbindin; ensures the transport of calcium into the bloodstream), BGLAP (osteocalcin; ensures bone mineralization tissue and calcium homeostasis), SPP1 (osteopontin; regulates osteoclast migration), REN (renin; regulates blood pressure, being a key element of the RAAS), IGFBP (insulin-like growth factor binding protein; enhances the action of insulin-like growth factor), FGF23 and FGFR23 (growth factor fibroblasts 23; regulate the levels of calcium, phosphate anion, processes of cell division of fibroblasts), TGFB1 (transforming growth factor beta-1; regulates the processes of cell division and differentiation of osteocytes, chondrocytes, fibroblasts and keratinocytes), LRP2 (LDL receptor-related protein 2 ; is a mediator of endocytosis of low-density lipoproteins), INSR (insulin receptor; ensures the effects of insulin on any cell type).
Colecalciferol plays a significant role in the absorption of calcium and phosphates in the intestine, in the transport of mineral salts and in the process of bone calcification, and also regulates the excretion of calcium and phosphates by the kidneys.
The concentration of calcium ions in the blood determines the maintenance of muscle tone of skeletal muscles, myocardial function, promotes nervous stimulation, and regulates the process of blood clotting.
Lack of vitamin D in food, impaired absorption, calcium deficiency, as well as insufficient exposure to the sun during the period of rapid growth of a child leads to rickets, in adults - to osteomalacia, pregnant women may experience symptoms of tetany, disruption of the calcification processes of the bones of newborns.
An increased need for vitamin D occurs in women during menopause, as they often develop osteoporosis due to hormonal imbalances.
Vitamin D has a number of so-called extraskeletal effects.
Vitamin D is involved in the functioning of the immune system by modulating cytokine levels and regulating the division of T-helper lymphocytes and the differentiation of B-lymphocytes. A number of studies have noted a decrease in the incidence of respiratory tract infections with vitamin D supplementation.
It has been shown that vitamin D is an important part of the homeostasis of the immune system: it prevents autoimmune diseases (including type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases).
Vitamin D has antiproliferative and prodifferentiating effects, which determine the oncoprotective effect of vitamin D. It has been noted that the incidence of certain tumors (breast cancer, colon cancer) increases against the background of low levels of vitamin D in the blood.
Vitamin D is involved in the regulation of carbohydrate and fat metabolism by influencing the synthesis of IRS1 (insulin receptor substrate 1; participates in the intracellular pathways of the insulin receptor signal), IGF (insulin-like growth factor; regulates the balance of adipose and muscle tissue), PPAR-δ (activated receptor peroxisome proliferators, type δ; helps process excess cholesterol).
According to epidemiological studies, vitamin D deficiency is associated with the risk of metabolic disorders (metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus).
Vitamin D receptors and metabolizing enzymes are expressed in arterial vessels, the heart, and virtually all cells and tissues relevant to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Antiatherosclerotic effects, renin suppression and prevention of myocardial damage, etc. have been shown in animal models. Low levels of vitamin D in humans are associated with unfavorable risk factors for cardiovascular pathology, such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, and are associated with the risk of cardiovascular accidents, incl. strokes.
Studies in experimental models of Alzheimer's disease showed that vitamin D3 reduced amyloid accumulation in the brain and improved cognitive function. Non-interventional human studies have shown that the incidence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease increases with low vitamin D levels and low dietary intake of vitamin D. Cognitive function and the incidence of Alzheimer's disease have been impaired with low vitamin D levels.
Side effects
Symptoms of hypervitaminosis D: loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting; headaches, muscle and joint pain; constipation; dry mouth; polyuria; weakness; mental disorders, incl. depression; weight loss; sleep disturbance; temperature increase; protein, leukocytes, hyaline casts appear in the urine; increased calcium levels in the blood and its excretion in the urine; calcification of the kidneys, blood vessels, and lungs is possible. If signs of hypervitaminosis D appear, it is necessary to discontinue the drug, limit the intake of calcium, and prescribe vitamins A, C and B.
Other: hypersensitivity reactions are possible.
Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding
During pregnancy, vitamin D3 should not be used in high doses due to the possibility of teratogenic effects in case of overdose.
Vitamin D3 should be prescribed with caution during lactation, because When using the drug in high doses, a nursing mother may develop overdose symptoms in the child.
Interaction
Antiepileptic drugs, rifampicin, cholestyramine reduce the reabsorption of vitamin D3.
Use simultaneously with thiazide diuretics increases the risk of hypercalcemia.
Simultaneous use with cardiac glycosides may enhance their toxic effect (increases the risk of heart rhythm disturbances).
Overdose
Symptoms: loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, constipation, anxiety, thirst, polyuria, diarrhea, intestinal colic. Frequent symptoms are headache, muscle and joint pain, mental disorders, incl. depression, ataxia, stupor, progressive weight loss. Renal dysfunction develops with albuminuria, erythrocyturia and polyuria, increased potassium loss, hyposthenuria, nocturia and increased blood pressure.
In severe cases, clouding of the cornea is possible, less often - swelling of the optic nerve papilla, inflammation of the iris, up to the development of cataracts. Possible formation of kidney stones, calcification of soft tissues, incl. blood vessels, heart, lungs, skin.
Cholestatic jaundice rarely develops.
Treatment: drug withdrawal. Prescribe large amounts of fluid. If necessary, hospitalization may be required.
Release form
Drops for oral administration, 15,000 IU/ml.
