From this article you will learn:
- how effective is retinol for the face,
- what forms of retinol are there,
- effective concentrations, timing of application.
The article was written by a specialist with higher medical education.
Retinol is one of the most effective ingredients in anti-aging cosmetics, which helps even out skin tone and texture, increase skin elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Retinol is just one of many forms of vitamin A, which also include retinoic acid and retinaldehyde, as well as the so-called retinol esters (for example, retinol palmitate or retinol acetate).
Below you will see that real pure retinol and retinol esters are completely different in effectiveness forms of vitamin A. And it is preferable that retinol for facial skin be present in cosmetic products in the form of pure retinol, and not its esters. And below we will tell you why this is so important and how it affects the effectiveness of correcting age-related skin changes.
The best companies producing retinol products are:
The author of this article has a medical education and problem skin, so I know from personal experience all the nuances of using products with retinol, and which of them really work. In the photo above are the best products with retinol (one of the many that I have tried), which are produced by SkinCeuticals (USA) and ZO® Skin Health (USA). And these companies truly produce the most effective products with pure retinol - compared to many other products I have tried.
In this article we will talk about the criteria for choosing retinol products for the face so that they are truly effective. And of course, the main criteria will be the choice of the correct form of retinol, as well as its correct concentration. We will also talk about the duration of courses for correcting age-related changes using cosmetics with retinol, and when you can notice the first visible results.
Retinol and other forms of vitamin A –
Below we list all the main forms of vitamin A that can be found in anti-aging cosmetics - in descending order of their effectiveness:
- retinoic acid (tretinoin),
- retinaldehyde (retinal),
- retinol,
- retinol esters (retinol palmitate and retinol acetate).
The chemical formula of pure retinol is
Our skin has receptors for retinoic acid (the so-called RAR receptors), and it is their stimulation that leads to gradual rejuvenation of the skin. Retinoic acid is the strongest form of vitamin A, and it is also the only form that can interact with RAR receptors. Other forms of vitamin A are able to bind to these receptors - only after a series of metabolic transformations into each other.
For example, retinol esters, as a result of hydrolysis, must first turn into pure retinol, which then turns into retinaldehyde, which in turn turns into retinoic acid (tretinoin). And only retinoic acid already affects RAR receptors. Why is this so important? The fact is that there is a strict pattern: the more transformation cycles required for the original form of vitamin A in the composition of the product - to retinoic acid, the weaker the final effect of the cosmetic product will be.
Retinol acetate and retinol palmitate –
Retinol acetate is the weakest even when compared to other retinol esters. It is not included in cosmetic products, but in pharmacies it is sold either in the form of capsules or in the form of a 3.44% solution (in the form of a dropper bottle). Very often you can hear recommendations - apply a few drops of retinol acetate to your face, or add it to your cream. Of course, you can do this, but the maximum that this will give is an increase in skin hydration by increasing its hydrophobic properties, as well as a decrease in the thickness of the stratum corneum.
Retinol palmitate (retinyl palmitate) - sold in every pharmacy in the form of an oral solution. 1 ml of solution contains 100,000 units of retinol palmitate, which corresponds to approximately 55 mg, and thus the concentration of the solution is 5.5%. Some also recommend applying it to the face or adding it to a cream. But if compared with pure retinol, then retinol palmitate turns out to be about 20 times weaker than it, but due to its low cost and high stability, it is most often included in inexpensive cosmetics in the mass market segment (which is not intended for the correction of pronounced age-related changes).
The fact is that in the skin, retinol palmitate is converted only to a very small extent into pure retinol, which, accordingly, practically does not reach the dermis, where the main target cells - fibroblasts - are located. Retinol palmitate is primarily absorbed by keratinocytes (the cells of the epidermis), which have systems for storing it. The accumulated retinol palmitate is used by keratinocytes for their own needs - increased proliferation of stem keratinocytes occurs near the basement membrane + the thickness of the deep layers of the epidermis increases.
In addition, the thickness of the stratum corneum of the epidermis, consisting of dead keratinocytes, decreases. All of the above can improve skin tone and texture. Perhaps the smallest fine lines will go away, but not due to increased collagen production in the dermis, but due to a decrease in the thickness of the stratum corneum of the epidermis (peeling effect). But you should not count on reducing the depth of wrinkles, lifting the oval of the face, as well as a noticeable increase in skin elasticity. For this, it is no longer retinol palmitate that is needed, but more active forms of vitamin A.
Retinol acetate capsules
Retinol acetate
Registration number: LSR-002668/08
Trade name of the drug : RETINOLA ACETATE
International nonproprietary name: Retinol
Chemical name
Retinol acetate - trans - 9,13 - dimethyl - 7 - (1,1,5 - trimethylcyclohexene - 5 - yl - 6 -) - nonatetraene - 7,9,11,13 - ol - 15 acetate.
Dosage form
Capsules.
Compound
One capsule contains:
active components:
retinol acetate solution for oral and external use
oily 8.60% - 0.132 ml (33000 ME)
excipients: refined deodorized sunflower oil
shell composition: gelatin, glycerol (glycerin), methyl parahydroxybenzoate (nipagin), quinoline yellow dye (quinoline yellow dye E-104).
Description
The spherical capsules are yellow in color, without streaks and mechanical impurities, filled with an oily liquid from light yellow to dark yellow in color without a rancid odor.
Pharmacotherapeutic group
Vitamin.
CodeATX:[A11CA01].
Pharmacological properties
Vitamin A has a general strengthening effect, normalizes tissue metabolism; participates in redox processes (due to the large number of unsaturated bonds), in the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, proteins, lipids, in mineral metabolism, and in the processes of cholesterol formation. Enhances the production of lipase and trypsin, enhances myelopoiesis and cell division processes. Has a positive effect on the function of the lacrimal, sebaceous and sweat glands; increases resistance to diseases of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and intestines; increases the body's resistance to infection. Strengthens the division of epithelial skin cells, rejuvenates the cell population, inhibits keratinization processes, enhances the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans, activates the interaction of immunocompetent cells with each other and with epidermal cells. Stimulates skin regeneration. Participates in photoreception processes (promotes human adaptation to darkness). The local effect is due to the presence of specific retinol-binding receptors on the surface of epithelial cells.
Indications for use
Hypovitaminosis, vitamin deficiency A. In complex therapy:
-infectious and inflammatory diseases (dysentery, influenza, tracheitis, bronchitis, etc.);
- skin lesions and diseases (skin cracks, ichthyosis, hyperkeratosis, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, neurodermatitis, some forms of eczema, skin tuberculosis);
- eye diseases (retinitis pigmentosa, hemeralopia, xerophthalmia, keratomalacia, eczematous eyelid lesions);
-gastrointestinal diseases (erosive gastroduodenitis, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum);
- liver cirrhosis.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, hypervitaminosis A, pregnancy, cholelithiasis, chronic pancreatitis, acute inflammatory skin diseases, childhood.
With caution: nephritis, heart failure stage II-III, alcoholism, liver cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, renal failure, old age.
Directions for use and doses
The use of the drug must be carried out under the supervision of a physician. The drug is taken orally after meals early in the morning or late in the evening.
Therapeutic doses for adults with mild to moderate vitamin deficiencies are up to 33,000 IU/day.
For eye diseases, adults are prescribed 100,000 IU of retinol acetate per day and at the same time 0.02 g of riboflavin.
For skin diseases, adults are prescribed 100,000 IU of retinol acetate per day.
The daily dose for adults should not exceed 100,000 IU.
Side effect
Allergic reaction to the components of the drug, hypervitaminosis A.
Overdose
Symptoms of acute overdose (develop 6 hours after administration): hypervitaminosis A: in adults - drowsiness, lethargy, double vision, dizziness, severe headache, nausea, uncontrollable vomiting, diarrhea, irritability, osteoporosis, bleeding gums, dryness and ulceration oral mucosa, peeling of the lips, skin (especially palms), confusion, increased intracranial pressure (in infants - hydrocephalus, protrusion of the fontanelle).
Symptoms of chronic intoxication: loss of appetite, bone pain, cracks and dry skin, lips, dry oral mucosa, gastralgia, vomiting, hyperthermia, asthenia, increased fatigue, headache, photosensitivity, pollakiuria, nocturia, polyuria, increased irritability, hair loss hair, yellow-orange spots on the soles, palms, in the area of the nasolabial triangle, hepatotoxic phenomena, intraocular hypertension, oligomenorrhea, portal hypertension, hemolytic anemia, bone changes on radiographs, convulsions; fetotoxic phenomena: malformations of the urinary system, growth retardation, early closure of epiphyseal growth zones.
Treatment: drug withdrawal, symptomatic therapy.
Interaction with other drugs
During long-term therapy with tetracyclines, it is not recommended to prescribe vitamin A (the risk of developing intracranial hypertension increases). Salicylates and glucocorticosteroids reduce the risk of side effects. Cholestyramine, colestipol, mineral oils, neomycin reduce the absorption of vitamin A (increasing the dose may be required). Oral contraceptives increase plasma concentrations of vitamin A. Isotretionine increases the risk of toxic effects. Weakens the effect of Ca2+ drugs, increases the risk of developing hypercalcemia. Vitamin E reduces the toxicity, absorption, hepatic storage and utilization of vitamin A; high doses of vitamin E can reduce vitamin A stores in the body.
special instructions
Do not take other multivitamin complexes containing vitamin A at the same time to avoid overdose.
Release form
Capsules 33000 ME.
25 or 50 capsules in orange glass jars, sealed with plastic caps. 10 capsules per blister pack made of polyvinyl chloride film and aluminum foil. Each jar or 3 or 5 blister packs along with instructions for use are placed in a cardboard pack.
Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies
Over the counter.
Storage conditions:
In a dry place, protected from light, at a temperature not exceeding 25°C. Keep out of the reach of children.
Best before date:
2 years. Should not be used after the expiration date.
Units:
pack
Pure retinol -
Real retinol, and not its esters, is already found in not too many cosmetic products. Moreover, very often manufacturers resort to deception - on the packaging in large letters they write that the product contains retinol, and in the ingredients in small print they may already write about retinol palmitate. The most important thing you should know about cosmetics with pure retinol is its concentration. Let's figure out which concentrations are effective.
1) Effective concentration of retinol –
We have already said above that the most effective form of vitamin A is “retinoic acid” (tretinoin). There are a large number of clinical studies that show that the optimal therapeutic concentration of tretinoin for the treatment of aging skin is 0.025%. And this is exactly the concentration recommended by the FDA (the most authoritative organization in the world that studies the effectiveness of pharmaceuticals and treatment methods). And as you will see below, this has a direct bearing on retinol.
Evidence base: 1) study “Griffiths CE, Kang S, Ellis CN et al. Two concentrations of topical tretinoin cause similar improvement of photoaging but different degrees of irritation." The study followed patients over 48 weeks and concluded that using a lower 0.025% tretinoin concentration for skin aging treatment had exactly the same effects as a higher 0.1% concentration. This is how the effective therapeutic concentration was determined.
2) Study “Olsen EA, Katz HI, Levine N et al. Tretinoin emollient cream: a new therapy for photodamaged skin. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992" shows that the use of products with tretinoin concentrations below 0.01% was not very effective. In this case, there was no significant difference in the condition of the skin before and after. And this also has a direct bearing on the effective concentration of retinol.
Important: the fact is that 0.1% pure retinol is approximately equivalent in effectiveness to 0.0025% tretinoin. It turns out that the 0.025% concentration of tretinoin recommended by the FDA for the correction of aging will correspond to 1.0% of pure retinol. That is why the world's leading manufacturers of anti-aging cosmetics with retinol, SKINCEUTICALS® and ZO® SKIN HEALTH, have products with 1.0% pure retinol in their lines. And these products are intended specifically for the correction of wrinkles in older patients.
Products with 0.3% pure retinol are suitable for correcting fine lines, as well as increasing skin elasticity, evening out skin tone and texture (products with 0.5% should add shallow wrinkles to the above). In addition, products with 0.1-0.3% pure retinol are suitable for correcting wrinkles in the corners of the eyes (while the 0.1% concentration is suitable for daily use, and 0.3% - only 3 times a week). The fact is that the skin around the eyes is thinner and more sensitive, and therefore lower concentrations will be effective here.
In addition, a 0.1-0.3% concentration can be used to prevent aging, as well as to acclimate the skin to retinoids (as a preparation before using a more concentrated 1.0% form of pure retinol).
2) Duration of use of retinol –
The study (“Two concentrations of topical tretinoin cause similar improvement of photoaging but different degrees of irritation” Griffiths CE, Kang S, Ellis CN et al.) shows that to achieve significant correction in older patients, the course of treatment should be at least 48 weeks . If we are talking about an average correction, the duration of the course should not be less than 36 weeks. And in any case, for any patients, the course should not be less than 24 weeks.
But there is one exception. Products with retinol can be prescribed for preparation before hardware rejuvenation methods, such as fractional RF lifting or laser resurfacing. In this case, even a 2-3 month course of pure retinol can significantly increase the effect of hardware methods. If you want to be guaranteed to get a pronounced anti-aging effect, and sooner than after 1 year, then the following scheme is suitable.
Carry out a course of 3 months with effective concentrations of pure retinol, after which do several fractional RF lifting procedures. These can be the following devices - 1) the “Venus Viva” device with a special “NanoFractional RF” applicator included in the kit, 2) a special tip for fractional grinding “Sublative RF”, which comes with the eTwo™ and Elos Plus™ devices. And it will be very effective.
3) Retinol microencapsulation technology –
If we talk about retinol esters, although they are not very effective, they have good stability. Those. the retinol in them is not destroyed by exposure to light and air. But pure retinol is quickly destroyed by both. Therefore, high-quality manufacturers use microencapsulation (or liposome) technology to stabilize pure retinol. In these cases, pure retinol molecules will be hidden in microcapsules or liposomes.
This protects pure retinol from degradation. When such technologies did not yet exist, high-quality manufacturers produced their products with pure retinol - only in opaque containers with a pump (dispenser). If retinol comes encapsulated, then such a dispenser is no longer needed. In addition, retinol in microcapsules has another excellent property - it significantly reduces the risk of skin irritation, which often occurs when using retinoids.
Important: many manufacturers of inexpensive cosmetics may not indicate the concentration of retinol at all. In addition, most manufacturers use non-encapsulated pure retinol in a cream or serum - and the product can come in a container without a dispenser, or in a transparent bottle (serum). Please note that if a manufacturer uses stabilized retinol in microcapsules or liposomes, this will always be written on the packaging. But don’t be confused: sometimes manufacturers write that their product contains a stable form of retinol, but we are talking about retinol palmitate, and not stabilized pure retinol (24stoma.ru).
Retinol acetate solution in oil. 3.44% -10ml fl. inside, outside
method and dosage The use of Retinol acetate is carried out only under the supervision of a physician. Drops for oral and external use 3.44% and 8.6% Drops are taken orally after meals, after 10-15 minutes. Recommended dosage of Retinol acetate: mild and moderate degree of vitamin deficiency: adults – 11.35 mg (33,000 IU), which corresponds to 0.33 ml drops with a concentration of 3.44% (13 drops from an eye dropper or 10 drops from a dropper cap) or 0.13 ml of 8.6% drug (5 drops from an eye dropper or 4 drops from a dropper cap) per day; eye diseases: adults - 17.2-34.4 mg (50,000-100,000 IU), which corresponds to 0.5-1 ml drops with a concentration of 3.44% (20-40 drops from an eye pipette or 14-28 – from a dropper cap) or 0.2-0.4 ml with a concentration of 8.6% (8-16 drops from an eye dropper or 6-8 from a dropper cap) per day; children (taking into account age) - 0.34-1.72 mg (1000-5000 IU), which corresponds to 0.01-0.05 ml of the drug 3.44% (1-2 drops from an eye pipette or 1 drop from dropper caps) or 0.004-0.02 ml of the drug with a concentration of 8.6% (1 drop from an eye pipette or from a dropper cap) per day; skin pathologies: adults - 17.2-34.4 mg (50,000-100,000 IU), which corresponds to 0.5-1 ml of 3.44% of the drug (20-40 drops from an eye pipette or 14-28 from dropper caps) or 0.2-0.4 ml drops of 8.6% (8-16 drops from an eye dropper or 6-8 from a dropper cap) per day; children - 1.72-6.88 mg (5000-20,000 IU), which corresponds to 0.05-0.2 ml drops of 3.44% (2-8 drops from an eye dropper or 2-6 drops from a cap droppers) or 0.02-0.08 ml of the drug with a concentration of 8.6% (1-4 drops from an eye dropper or 1-2 drops from a dropper cap) per day. The doctor determines the duration of treatment individually. When treating ulcers, burns and frostbite, it is recommended to simultaneously treat skin lesions with an oil solution of Retinol acetate. To do this, apply the drug to the previously cleaned surface of the lesion 5-6 times a day and cover it with gauze. The frequency of lubrication as epithelization and scarring progress is reduced to 1 time per day. Solution for oral and external use, oil 3.44% and 8.6% Retinol acetate solution is taken orally, 10-15 minutes after meals (early in the morning or late in the evening). Recommended dosage: mild to moderate severity of vitamin deficiency: adults - up to 33,000 IU, children over 7 years old - 5,000 IU per day; eye diseases: adults – 50,000-100,000 IU per day with simultaneous intake of 20 mg of riboflavin; skin pathologies: adults - 50,000-100,000 ME, children - from 5,000 to 20,000 ME per day. When treating burns, frostbite and ulcers, in addition to oral administration, local applications with the drug are prescribed, which are applied to cleansed affected areas 5-6 times a day during the acute period of the condition, then as healing progresses, the frequency of procedures is reduced. A single dose should not exceed 50,000 IU for adults, 5,000 IU for children, 100,000 IU and 20,000 IU daily, respectively. Capsules Retinol acetate capsules are taken orally after meals late in the evening or early in the morning. Recommended dosage: mild to moderate vitamin deficiency: 1 pc. (33,000 IU) per day; eye pathologies: adults – 3 pcs. (100,000 IU) per day in combination with 20 mg of riboflavin; skin diseases: adults – 3 pcs. (100,000 ME) per day. The maximum daily dose for adults is 100,000 IU.
Products with retinol: price
The world's leading manufacturers of cosmetics with pure retinol are definitely SKINCEUTICALS® and ZO® SKIN HEALTH. But we immediately warn you that the products of these companies are not cheap - from 6,500 rubles and above. In Kiehl's branded cosmetics stores, you can find a good cream-serum with retinol, Kiehl's Retinol Skin-Renewing Daily Micro-Dose Serum (Serum with a microdose of retinol for every day to combat the signs of skin aging). The cost of this serum is from 4300 rubles per 30 ml. More details about all these tools can be found in the link below.
Good cosmetics with retinol -
Products that contain 0.1% pure retinol + 0.1-0.2% retinol esters are available for purchase at the pharmacy (their cost will be from 2400 to 2700 rubles). In addition, on sites such as Amazon or Ebay, you can purchase products with pure retinol or retinaldehyde from another leading manufacturer, SIRCUIT® (a cream or serum from this company will cost $80).
And on the iHerb website you can purchase American and Neutrogena cosmetics for about 2,000 rubles. These are also well-known manufacturers of cosmetics with retinol, but they do not indicate the percentage of pure retinol in their products. At the link below, you can read the rating of the best products with retinol (according to our editors), as well as familiarize yourself with the composition and characteristics of these products.
→ The best products with retinol for facial skin
Retinol: reviews and instructions for use
To date, only 2 components of cosmetics have evidence of effectiveness against facial wrinkles. Firstly, these are retinoids, which include retinol, retinaldehyde and tretinoin, and secondly, pure 10-15% L-ascorbic acid. The FDA believes that these are the only ingredients in cosmetics that actually affect collagen production in the skin, and any doctor will tell you that if the FDA recommends something (and this does not happen often), then it really works.
Tretinoin (trans-retinoic acid) is the most active form of vitamin A, and this drug at a concentration of 0.025% allows you to achieve significant skin rejuvenation. But preparations with tretinoin have an irritating effect on the skin, and their use often results in dryness, redness, and peeling of the skin (especially in the first weeks of use). Therefore, over time, the cosmetic industry began to use milder forms of retinoids - such as pure retinol and retinaldehyde (retinal).
How to use retinol for facial skin (instructions):
Planning –
It usually takes 2-4 weeks for the skin to adjust to retinol. During this period, redness, dryness, peeling, itching and burning of the skin may occur, which is especially typical for people with sensitive and/or dry skin. To reduce the risk of side effects, at the first stage you should use products with lower concentrations, or follow the following recommendations for use.
For example, during the first week you can use your product only 2 times, the next 2 weeks - use it only 3 times, then switch to the “every other day” mode. But your goal is to gradually reach a daily use regimen. The frequency of use greatly depends on the skin type and the initial concentration of the product. Therefore, some patients can immediately start using it every other day, i.e. This is all quite individual. If on any day you notice severe redness of the skin, then do not use the product for several days (then slightly reduce the frequency of use).
Is it possible to use retinol in summer?
In the summer, you can also use retinol, but then in parallel you must use sunscreen with SPF 50. If you decide to start using retinol during the heating season, then it is advisable to monitor the humidity in the room, because low air humidity + retinol will definitely lead to more pronounced side effects, which we described above. An excellent product with SPF 50, which is one of the few that can be applied even to the eyelids, is “Anthelios Shaka Fluid” from La Roche-Posay.
Conduct an audit of cosmetic products -
Get rid of any cosmetics while using retinol that have even the slightest irritating effect. For example, it will not be possible to use -
- scrubs and chemical peels,
- alcohol-based tonics,
- products that dry the skin
- It will also be impossible to wax depilation on areas of the skin treated with retinol.
Particularly sensitive areas of the face -
If you are using a product with a high 1.0% concentration of pure retinol, then avoid getting the product on the skin near the wings of the nose, the red border of the lips, and the area around the eyes. These are particularly sensitive areas where such concentrations can cause burns. If you use a 0.3% concentration, then it can even be applied around the eyes (only on the fixed part of the eyelids), but this concentration can only be used around the eyes 3 times a week. Even smaller concentrations can be used around the eyes daily.
When to apply retinol products -
Retinol products are applied only once a day, preferably in the evening or before bed. Before applying retinol, the skin of the face should be washed with a mild cleanser and then dried very well. After washing, you should wait at least 5 minutes. If you apply products with retinol to insufficiently dry skin, this will greatly irritate it (dryness, flaking, etc.). We hope that our article: Retinol for facial skin reviews was useful to you!
Sources:
1. Higher medical education of the author of the article, 2. Textbook of dermatology “Fitzpatrick's Dermatology” (8th edition), 3. American Academy of Dermatology (USA), 4. “Cosmetic dermatology” (Bauman L.). 5. Clinical studies published at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/.
Retinol acetate (vitamin A)
Dosage form:
capsules
Composition per 1 capsule
Active substance:
Retinol acetate (vitamin A), calculated as 100% vitamin A* – 11.35 mg (33,000 IU)
Excipient:
Sunflower oil – up to 150 mg
The composition of the shell in terms of absolutely dry matter:
Gelatin – 52.75 mg
Glycerol – 16.80 mg
Methyl parahydroxybenzoate – 0.45 mg.
*Note. 1 g of Vitamin A-acetate substance, oil form, substance, stabilized BHT-oil solution contains:
Retinol acetate – 1.5 million IU
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) – 15 mg
Peanut butter – up to 1 mg
Description
: yellow to light brown spherical soft gelatin capsules filled with a light yellow to dark yellow oily liquid, without rancid odor.
Pharmacotherapeutic group:
Vitamin
ATX code:
A11CA01
pharmachologic effect
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin. It is important in the formation of visual purpura (necessary for adaptation of vision when lighting decreases), cell proliferation and trophism of epithelial tissues.
Pharmacokinetics
Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (mainly from the duodenum and jejunum), the presence of bile acids, pancreatic lipase, proteins and fats is required. The connection with plasma proteins (lipoproteins) is normal - at least 5%; with excessive consumption of vitamin A with food and its overfilling of the liver depot, its connection with plasma lipoproteins can reach up to 65%. The amount of vitamin A bound to lipoproteins may increase with hyperlipoproteinemia. When released from the liver depot, the vitamin forms a complex with retinol-binding protein, in the form of which it circulates in the blood. In small quantities it passes into breast milk and through the placenta. Deposited in the liver (approximately the volume of the two-year requirement of an adult body), in small quantities - in the kidneys and lungs. To mobilize vitamin A from the depot, zinc-containing substances are required. Metabolized in the liver. It is excreted by the intestines (unabsorbed part) and by the kidneys.
Indications for use
Treatment of vitamin A deficiency.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to any component of the drug.
Hypervitaminosis A.
Impaired lipid absorption.
Chronic malabsorption.
Concomitant therapy that interferes with the absorption of vitamin A.
Pregnancy.
The use of this drug during breastfeeding is not recommended (see section “Use during pregnancy and lactation”).
Contraindicated for persons intolerant to peanuts.
Childhood.
Carefully
Nephritis, heart failure grade 2-3, alcoholism, liver cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, renal failure, old age.
Directions for use and doses
The drug is taken orally, 1 capsule 1 time per day, 10-15 minutes after meals. The duration of use of the drug is 1 month. Repeated courses - on the recommendation of a doctor.
Side effect
Adverse reactions may be signs of an overdose and require discontinuation of the drug.
Allergic reactions.
Overdose
Clinical signs of acute overdose of vitamin A (doses exceeding 150,000 IU): gastrointestinal disorders, headache, increased intracranial pressure (in children manifested by bulging fontanel), papilledema, mental disorders, irritability, convulsions, in later stages - generalized desquamation.
Clinical signs of chronic vitamin A overdose: intracranial hypertension, cortical hyperostosis of long bones and early closure of epiphyseal growth plates. Diagnosis is usually based on tender or painful subcutaneous swelling of the distal extremities. X-rays reveal thickening of the periosteum of the diaphysis of the ulna, fibula, clavicle and ribs. Treatment is symptomatic.
Features of the action of the drug when first taken or when discontinued
No information available.
Interaction with other drugs
Contraindicated combinations
Tetracyclines
When taken at a dose of 10,000 IU or more, there is a risk of developing intracranial hypertension.
Retinoids
Increased risk of developing hypervitaminosis A.
Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding
Contraindicated for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and machinery
The use of the drug does not affect the performance of potentially hazardous activities that require special attention and quick reactions (work of a dispatcher, driving a vehicle, working with moving mechanisms).
special instructions
Do not take other multivitamin complexes containing vitamin A at the same time to avoid overdose.
Release form
Capsules 33000 IU.
10 capsules per blister pack made of polyvinyl chloride film and printed varnished aluminum foil.
2, 3, 4 blister packs along with instructions for use are placed in a cardboard pack.
For hospitals: 50, 100, 200 blister packs along with an equal number of instructions for use are placed in corrugated cardboard boxes.
20, 30, 40 capsules in polymer jars with polymer lids.
Each jar, along with instructions for use, is placed in a cardboard pack.
For hospitals: 42 or 54 cans, along with an equal number of instructions for use, are placed in corrugated cardboard boxes.
Storage conditions
In a dry place, protected from light, at a temperature not exceeding 25 ° C.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Best before date
2 years. Do not use after expiration date.
Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies
Over the counter.
