Pharmacological properties of the drug Aertal
Pharmacodynamics. Aceclofenac has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects.
Aceclofenac, by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins, affects the pathogenesis of inflammation, the occurrence of pain and fever. In rheumatic diseases, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of aceclofenac helps to significantly reduce the severity of pain, morning stiffness, swelling of the joints, and improves the patient's functional state. Pharmacokinetics. Aceclofenac is quickly and completely absorbed after oral administration. The maximum concentration in blood plasma after oral administration is achieved after 1.25 - 3 hours. 99% of aceclofenac binds to blood plasma proteins, mainly albumin. Aceclofenac penetrates into the synovial fluid, where the maximum concentration reaches 57% of the concentration level in the blood plasma, and the time to reach the maximum concentration is 2 to 4 hours later than in the blood plasma. Distribution volume - 25l. The half-life is 4 hours. Aceclofenac is in the systemic circulation in an unchanged state, its main metabolite is 4-hydroxyaceclofenac. Approximately 2/3 of the administered dose of the drug is excreted in the urine in the form of hydroxy derivatives.
What are Aertal tablets for?
The active ingredient of Aertal is aceclofenac. This is an anti-inflammatory drug with an analgesic effect. The tablets are taken for severe pain in the joints and tissues; the drug is especially often used for toothache, when it is not possible to quickly get to the dentist. In addition, sudden pain in the lumbar region can also be easily eliminated by taking the Aertal tablet.
Food intake does not affect the absorption and activity of the components. For severe and persistent pain, take the drug twice a day, one tablet. Exceeding the daily dose is not recommended to avoid negative reactions.
Side effects of the drug Airtal
From the gastrointestinal tract: nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, intestinal colic, dyspepsia, flatulence, anorexia, constipation; in rare cases, erosive and ulcerative lesions, bleeding and perforation of the gastrointestinal tract have been observed. From the side of the central nervous system: sometimes there is headache, dizziness, sleep disturbance (insomnia or drowsiness), agitation, in some cases - sensory disturbances, disorientation, memory loss, visual impairment, hearing impairment, taste disturbances, tinnitus, convulsions, irritability, tremor. , depression, aseptic meningitis. Allergic reactions: sometimes a skin rash occurs, rarely - urticaria, eczema, erythema multiforme, erythroderma, asthma, systemic anaphylactoid reactions, in some cases vasculitis, pneumonitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and Lyell's syndrome. From the kidneys: rarely - peripheral edema, very rarely - acute renal failure, interstitial nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, hematuria, proteinuria. From the liver: transient increase in the activity of liver transaminases, rarely - hepatitis, in some cases fulminant hepatitis. From the hematopoietic system: very rarely - thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia. From the cardiovascular system: isolated cases of tachycardia, hypertension (arterial hypertension), congestive heart failure.
What is Aertal ointment for?
Ointment is a form for topical use. It is applied to damaged joints or areas of the body. Indications for use are bruises, sprains, dislocations, torticollis, or shooting sharp pain in the lower back.
The ointment is applied in a small amount to the sore spot and thoroughly rubbed into the tissue with massaging movements. Once in the body, the drug is absorbed into the blood, from where it is distributed throughout the body. As additional components, the ointment contains liquid paraffin and wax, which make its consistency soft and elastic.
Special instructions for the use of the drug Airtal
The drug is prescribed with caution to patients with a history of diseases of the liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, asthma, allergic (hay) rhinitis, polyposis rhinitis, dyspeptic symptoms at the time of drug administration, hypertension (arterial hypertension), heart failure, after extensive surgery, in I and second trimesters of pregnancy and during lactation, as well as for elderly patients. During administration of the drug, it is necessary to systematically monitor the composition of peripheral blood, liver and kidney function, and examine stool for occult blood. Patients who use the drug must refrain from engaging in activities that require increased attention and speed of psycho-motor reactions, as well as from drinking alcohol.
Instructions for use AIRTAL®
Adverse reactions can be minimized by using the lowest effective dose and reducing the duration of treatment to achieve symptom control.
The simultaneous use of Airtal and other NSAIDs, including selective COX-2 inhibitors, should be avoided.
Effect on the gastrointestinal tract
Bleeding, ulceration or perforation of the gastrointestinal tract with a fatal outcome was observed when taking any NSAIDs during any period of treatment, both with and without dangerous symptoms, both with and without a history of serious pathological conditions of the gastrointestinal tract.
The risk of bleeding, ulceration and gastrointestinal perforation increases with increasing dose of NSAIDs in patients who have had an ulcer, especially if it was accompanied by hemorrhage or perforation, and in elderly patients. In such cases, the drug should be taken in the minimum effective dose. In addition, these patients require combination therapy with drugs that have a protective effect on the gastrointestinal tract (for example, misoprostol, or proton pump inhibitors). Such therapy is necessary for patients who take small doses of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) or other drugs that negatively affect the gastrointestinal tract.
Patients with gastrointestinal diseases, as well as elderly patients, should report any unusual symptoms associated with the gastrointestinal tract (especially bleeding), incl. when taking the drug for the first time. Particular caution should be exercised when using Airtal in patients concomitantly receiving drugs that may increase the risk of bleeding or ulceration, such as systemic corticosteroids, anticoagulants (such as warfarin), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or antiplatelet agents (such as acetylsalicylic acid).
If bleeding or gastrointestinal ulcers occur while taking Airtal, the drug should be discontinued.
Effect on the cardiovascular system and central nervous system
For patients with hypertension and/or mild to moderate congestive heart failure, appropriate monitoring and special precautions are required because Fluid retention and edema associated with NSAIDs have been reported.
Clinical studies and epidemiological data indicate that the use of some NSAIDs (particularly at high doses and for long periods of time) may not significantly increase the risk of arterial thrombotic events (eg, myocardial infarction or stroke). There is no reliable data on the absence of this risk when taking aceclofenac.
Particular caution should be exercised when using Airtal in patients with uncontrolled arterial hypertension, heart failure (NYHA functional class I), congestive heart failure, with risk factors for the cardiovascular system (for example, arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and smoking ).
Aceclofenac should be prescribed with caution and under medical supervision to patients with the following conditions, because: there is a threat of exacerbation of the disease:
- symptoms indicating the presence of gastrointestinal disease, including its upper and lower sections;
- a history of ulcers, bleeding or perforation of the gastrointestinal tract;
- Crohn's disease;
- bleeding tendency, SLE, porphyria, and disorders of hematopoiesis and hemostasis.
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ulcerative colitis;
The drug should be used with caution and under medical supervision in patients with a history of hemorrhagic stroke.
Effect on the liver and kidneys
Taking NSAIDs may cause a dose-dependent decrease in prostaglandin formation and sudden renal failure. The importance of prostaglandin in maintaining renal blood flow should be considered when using the drug in patients with impaired cardiac, renal or hepatic function, in patients receiving diuretics or in patients after surgery, as well as in elderly patients.
Caution should be exercised when using the drug in patients with mild or moderate impairment of liver and kidney function, as well as in patients with other conditions predisposing to fluid retention in the body. In these patients, the use of NSAIDs can lead to impaired renal function and fluid retention. Caution should also be exercised when using Airtal in patients taking diuretics or in individuals at increased risk of hypovolemia. A minimum effective dose and regular medical monitoring of renal function are required. Renal reactions usually resolve after discontinuation of aceclofenac.
Aceclofenac should be discontinued if changes in liver function tests persist or worsen, clinical signs or symptoms of liver disease develop, or other manifestations (eosinophilia, rash) occur. Hepatitis can develop without prodromal symptoms.
The use of NSAIDs in patients with hepatic porphyria may precipitate an attack.
Allergic and skin reactions
Like other NSAIDs, the drug can cause allergic reactions, including anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions, even when taken for the first time. Severe skin reactions (which can sometimes be fatal), including exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, have been very rare after taking NSAIDs. The highest risk of these reactions occurring in patients is observed at the beginning of using the drug, and the development of these adverse reactions is observed during the first month of using the drug. If skin rash, lesions on the oral mucosa, or other signs of hypersensitivity occur, discontinue use of aceclofenac.
In special cases, complications may occur with chickenpox:
- serious skin and soft tissue infections. At present, the role of NSAIDs in worsening the course of these infections cannot be ruled out. Therefore, the use of Airtal for chickenpox should be avoided.
Hematological disorders
Aceclofenac may cause reversible inhibition of platelet aggregation.
Respiratory system disorders
The drug should be used with caution in patients with bronchial asthma currently or in history, because taking NSAIDs may trigger the development of sudden bronchospasm in such patients.
Elderly patients
Caution should be exercised when using the drug in elderly patients, because they are more likely to experience adverse reactions (especially bleeding and gastrointestinal perforation) when taking NSAIDs. Complications can be fatal. In addition, older patients are more likely to suffer from kidney, liver or cardiovascular diseases.
Long-term use
All patients receiving long-term treatment with NSAIDs should be closely monitored (eg, complete blood count, monitoring of liver and kidney function).
Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and operate machinery
Patients who have experienced symptoms such as weakness, dizziness, vertigo, nausea or other central nervous system symptoms while using NSAIDs should refrain from driving vehicles or operating dangerous machinery.
Interactions of the drug Airtal
The following interaction effects are observed when taking Aertal simultaneously with other drugs:
- increases the plasma concentration of digoxin, fentonyl and lithium preparations;
- reduces the effect of diuretics and antihypertensive drugs;
- when used with potassium-sparing diuretics, it can cause hyperkalemia;
- increases the risk of side effects from the gastrointestinal tract when used simultaneously with other NSAIDs or glucocorticoids;
- acetylsalicylic acid reduces the concentration of aceclofenac in the blood plasma;
- cyclosporine enhances the toxic effect of aceclofenac on the kidneys;
- with hypoglycemic drugs, hypo- or hyperglycemia is possible (monitoring of blood glucose levels is necessary);
- increases the concentration level of methotrexate and enhances its toxic effect;
- When used with indirect anticoagulants, constant monitoring of the coagulogram is required.
What is Aertal powder from?
Powder is a type of dosage form. It is intended for preparing a suspension. A single dose of the drug is packaged in a sachet. The advantage of using the powder is its rapid absorption. The tablet requires time to be broken down and processed in the gastrointestinal tract, and the powder, once in the stomach, begins to be absorbed into the blood without waiting for delivery to the intestines. The active substance contained in the tablets is contained in the same volume in one sachet.
Another advantage of using powder is the ability to accurately adjust the dose. For example, people with kidney or liver failure need to reduce the single dose by half. By dividing the contents of the package into two parts, it is easy to prepare a suspension of the desired concentration.
Aertal or Xefokam: which is better?
Ksefokam, like Airtal, is an anesthetic drug. Its activity is primarily observed in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and other types of joint and bone pain. However, unlike Airtal, Xefocam is based on another active substance - lornoxicam, which does not in any way affect the level of inflammation and the patient’s body temperature. The drug is suitable for symptomatic use and relief of sudden pain.
Adverse reactions for both drugs are identical. Long-term use can cause anemia, thrombocytopenia, insomnia, and depression. When choosing between medications, you need to pay special attention to individual intolerance to the components, and the need to relieve inflammation and normalize the temperature.
Both drugs are contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding, since their active ingredients are instantly and almost completely absorbed into the blood. These drugs are also not prescribed to patients under 18 years of age. Bronchial asthma is a direct contraindication to the use of both drugs, since both of them can cause bronchospasm.
Drug combination
If you take the drug together with blood pressure medications and diuretics, the therapeutic effect of these medications may be weakened. If you have diabetes mellitus of the first degree, you should carefully monitor your blood sugar levels while taking the drug. Do not take simultaneously with aspirin, oral contraceptives, medications containing lithium and potassium, cyclosporins, blood thinners.
You should drive carefully while taking Aethral. Possible decrease in concentration.
What does it consist of?
Medicine for pain is available in several forms:
- powder from which it is easy to prepare a suspension;
- pills;
- cream.
The powder is available in a dosage of three grams. Typically sold in packs of twenty bags.
Tablets of one hundred milligrams, sold in packs of twenty and sixty tablets. Uniform white ointment in a sixty gram package.
The main active ingredient is aceclofenac.
Who should not be prescribed
"Aertal" is contraindicated in the following conditions:
- peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum;
- gastritis in the acute phase;
- allergic manifestations;
- poor blood clotting;
- liver diseases;
- kidney inflammation;
- heart failure;
- minor patients;
- pregnancy.
The ointment is not used for external skin lesions, as well as allergic rashes.
